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Spinal Final Exam Questions > 9/28 Questions > Flashcards

9/28 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2?

A

the segments do not completely fuse together

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2
Q

What is squaring of the vertebral body of S1?

A

the S1 vertebral body has similar anterior and posterior heights, hence a lack of wedging

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3
Q

What is flaring of the sacral ala?

A

the transverse process of the ala appears to elevate as though separating from the rest of the sacral ala

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4
Q

What is characteristic of sacralization of L5?

A

L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum

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5
Q

What is the incidence of sacralization of L5 in the population?

A

41% to 85%

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6
Q

Which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine?

A

L5

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7
Q

What articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5?

A

none

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8
Q

What is the incidence of variation within the sacrococcygeal region in the population?

A

up to 14%

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9
Q

What is characteristic of sacralization of Co1?

A

the premature fusion of Co1 to the sacrum

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10
Q

What is characteristic of coccygealization of S5?

A

the separation of S5 from sacrum and its’ premature fusion to Co1

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11
Q

The trapezius is innervated by what nerve?

A

the spinal accessory nerve

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12
Q

What forms the spinal accessory nerve innervating the trapezius?

A

C1-C5 cord levels contribute to the spinal root of the spinal accessory nerve

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13
Q

The latissimus dorsi is innervated by what nerve?

A

the thoracodorsal nerve

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14
Q

What forms the thoracodorsal nerve innervating the latissimus dorsi?

A

ventral rami from C6-C8

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15
Q

Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor

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16
Q

What forms the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

the ventral ramus of C5

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?

A

dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5 cord levels)

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18
Q

Splenius cervicis will attach to what location on the spine?

A

lateral mass of C1 and posterior tubercle of transverse process on C1-C4

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-C7 cord levels)

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20
Q

Which muscles are identified as erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles?

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

dorsal rami of lower thoracic and all lumbar spinal nerves

22
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

costal angles of the upper 6-7 ribs, transverse process of C7

23
Q

What is the origin for the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

costal angles of the upper 3-6 ribs (ribs 1-3 or ribs 1-6)

24
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

posterior tubercle of transverse process of C(3) C4-C6

25
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of T1, T2 spinal nerves, sometimes C8 spinal nerve (C8, T1, T2 cord levels)

26
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?

A

accessory process and transverse processes of L1-L5, spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3

27
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of all thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T12, L1-L5)

28
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the longissimus cervicis?

A

posterior tubercle of transverse processes from C2-C6 or C7, articular processes from C2-C6 or C7

29
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of C4-C8 and T1-T2 spinal nerves (C4-C8 and T1-T2 cord levels)

30
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus capitis?

A

dorsal rami of C1-C3 or C4 spinal nerves, C1-C3 or C4 cord levels)

31
Q

Which erector spinae muscles attach to cervical articular processes?

A

longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitis

32
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis thoracis?

A

spinous processes of T11 and T12-L1 and L2

33
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of all cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8 cord levels)

34
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis capitis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves

35
Q

Which muscles are identified as transversospinalis muscles?

A

semispinalis, multifidis, and rotators

36
Q

Transversospinalis muscles represent what layer of the true back?

A

layer five

37
Q

Based on the name of this group, what is the origin - insertion of the transversospinalis?

A

transverse process origin, spinous process insertion

38
Q

How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis muscles?

A

as many as nine vertebrae

39
Q

What segment will represent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracis?

A

T12

40
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of T1-T6 spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T6)

41
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis cervicis?

A

transverse tubercles of T1-T5 or T6 and articular processes of C4-C7

42
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves (cord levels C6-C8)

43
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?

A

transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7 and articular processes of C4-C6

44
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?

A

dorsal rami of C1-C6 spinal nerves (cord levels C1-C6)

45
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the classic multifidis?

A

articular process of C4-C7, transverse processes of T1-T12, mammillary processes of L1-L5 and the dorsal surface of S1-S4 or S5

46
Q

Contraction of the classic multifidis will result in what movements of the vertebral column?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of the spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement

47
Q

What is the innervation of the classic multifidis?

A

dorsal rami of C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, and S1 spinal nerves (cord levels C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, and S1)

48
Q

Contraction of the multifidis cervicis will result in what movements?

A

alters the zygapophyseal capsular ligament response to load distribution determines the cervical spine response to injury as evidenced by neck pain and is a significant contributor to postural control of the head and neck

49
Q

Contraction of multifidis lumborum will result in what movements?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of the lumbar spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of lumbar zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement

50
Q

Which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion combination?

A

iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum, longissimus thoracic pars lumborum and multifidis lumborum

Spinal Final Exam Questions (15 decks)

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