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Spinal Final Exam Questions > 10/5 Questions > Flashcards

10/5 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated?

A

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus

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2
Q

What part of the cervical intervertebral disc is highly innervated?

A

the middle third of the annulus fibrosus

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3
Q

What are the types of receptor endings in the intervertebral disc?

A

nociceptors and proprioceptors

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4
Q

What is the relationship between size of the intervertebral disc and receptor endings?

A

the larger the disc, the greater the variety of receptor endings

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5
Q

The reccurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve has typically been shown to originate from which source?

A

the gray ramus communicans

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6
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by the recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve?

A

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the posterior part of the intervertebral disc

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7
Q

What forms the anterior neural plexus of the vertebral column?

A

fibers from the ventral primary ramus

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8
Q

What forms the lateral neural plexus of the vertebral column?

A

fibers from the ventral primary ramus
fibers from the white ramus communicans
fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans
fibers from the gray ramus communicans

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9
Q

What is the name given to the white ramus communicans which becomes embedded within the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?

A

the paradiscal ramus communicans

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10
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans?

A

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the intervertebral disc

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11
Q

How does the intervertebral disc attach to the vertebral body?

A

sharpey’s fibers from the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus are firmly embedded into the epiphyseal rims of the adjacent vertebral bodies

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12
Q

What is the popular theory of intra-abdominal cavity pressure and intervertebral disc response to weight bearing?

A

increasing the intra-abdominal cavity pressure will diminish the amount of resistance the intervertebral disc needs to generate by up to 50%

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13
Q

Based on histology, what is the classification of the intervertebral disc?

A

a cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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14
Q

What are the divisions of the embryonic somite?

A

the sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome

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15
Q

What structure is formed following migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord?

A

the perichordal blastema

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16
Q

What is formed within the perichordal blastema between the sclerotomites?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

17
Q

What does the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner become?

A

the perichordal disc

18
Q

What will the dense sclerotomite become?

A

the upper part of the vertebral segment forming below

19
Q

What structure forms following migration and subsequent mixing of the sclerotomites?

A

the vertebral blastema

20
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc will the notochord form?

A

the nucleus pulposus

21
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc will the perichordal disc form?

A

the annulus fibrosus

22
Q

What is the earliest indicator of the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

23
Q

What vertebral levels will the anterior longitudinal ligament attach to?

A

those between occiput and S3 inclusive are traditionally indicated

24
Q

What is the lowest extent of the anterior longitudinal ligament based on recent studies?

A

L3

25
Q

What is believed to form the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar spine?

A

the tendon of the crura of the diaphragm

26
Q

What innervates the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

the anterior neural plexus formed by fibers from the ventral primary ramus and sympathetic postganglionic fibers from the paravertebral ganglia

27
Q

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

it brakes or limits dorsi-flexion or hyperextension of the vertebral column

28
Q

What was ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region identified as?

A

Forestier’s Disease

29
Q

What is ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region now identified as?

A

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis or DISH

30
Q

What is the classification of the posterior longitudinal ligament-vertebral body joint?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

31
Q

What vertebral levels will the posterior longitudinal ligament attach to?

A

those between C2 and S3 inclusive are traditionally indicated

32
Q

What will the posterior longitudinal ligament attach to in addition to vertebral bodies?

A

the intervertebral disc

33
Q

Newer research suggests what regional variation in the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

prominent in the cervicals, occasional in the thoracics, rare in the lumbars

34
Q

What is the relationship of the posterior longitudinal ligament to the vertebral foramen?

A

it forms the anterior boundary of the spinal canal

35
Q

What is the appearance of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine?

A

it is parallel along its lateral margins

36
Q

What is the appearance of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar spine?

A

it is hourglass shaped along its lateral margins

37
Q

What is the innermost layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament called?

A

the perivertebral ligament

38
Q

What innervates the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

the posterior neural plexus formed by fibers from the recurrent meningeal nerve/sinus vertebral nerve/sinu-vertebral nerve

39
Q

What is the area of maximum metabolic activity in the intervertebral disc?

A

the transition zone

Spinal Final Exam Questions (15 decks)

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