10/5 Questions Flashcards
What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated?
the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus
What part of the cervical intervertebral disc is highly innervated?
the middle third of the annulus fibrosus
What are the types of receptor endings in the intervertebral disc?
nociceptors and proprioceptors
What is the relationship between size of the intervertebral disc and receptor endings?
the larger the disc, the greater the variety of receptor endings
The reccurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve has typically been shown to originate from which source?
the gray ramus communicans
What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by the recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve?
the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the posterior part of the intervertebral disc
What forms the anterior neural plexus of the vertebral column?
fibers from the ventral primary ramus
What forms the lateral neural plexus of the vertebral column?
fibers from the ventral primary ramus
fibers from the white ramus communicans
fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans
fibers from the gray ramus communicans
What is the name given to the white ramus communicans which becomes embedded within the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?
the paradiscal ramus communicans
What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans?
the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the intervertebral disc
How does the intervertebral disc attach to the vertebral body?
sharpey’s fibers from the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus are firmly embedded into the epiphyseal rims of the adjacent vertebral bodies
What is the popular theory of intra-abdominal cavity pressure and intervertebral disc response to weight bearing?
increasing the intra-abdominal cavity pressure will diminish the amount of resistance the intervertebral disc needs to generate by up to 50%
Based on histology, what is the classification of the intervertebral disc?
a cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
What are the divisions of the embryonic somite?
the sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome
What structure is formed following migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord?
the perichordal blastema
What is formed within the perichordal blastema between the sclerotomites?
the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner
What does the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner become?
the perichordal disc
What will the dense sclerotomite become?
the upper part of the vertebral segment forming below
What structure forms following migration and subsequent mixing of the sclerotomites?
the vertebral blastema
What part of the intervertebral disc will the notochord form?
the nucleus pulposus
What part of the intervertebral disc will the perichordal disc form?
the annulus fibrosus
What is the earliest indicator of the position of the adult intervertebral disc?
the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner
What vertebral levels will the anterior longitudinal ligament attach to?
those between occiput and S3 inclusive are traditionally indicated
What is the lowest extent of the anterior longitudinal ligament based on recent studies?
L3
What is believed to form the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar spine?
the tendon of the crura of the diaphragm
What innervates the anterior longitudinal ligament?
the anterior neural plexus formed by fibers from the ventral primary ramus and sympathetic postganglionic fibers from the paravertebral ganglia
What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?
it brakes or limits dorsi-flexion or hyperextension of the vertebral column
What was ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region identified as?
Forestier’s Disease
What is ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region now identified as?
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis or DISH
What is the classification of the posterior longitudinal ligament-vertebral body joint?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
What vertebral levels will the posterior longitudinal ligament attach to?
those between C2 and S3 inclusive are traditionally indicated
What will the posterior longitudinal ligament attach to in addition to vertebral bodies?
the intervertebral disc
Newer research suggests what regional variation in the posterior longitudinal ligament?
prominent in the cervicals, occasional in the thoracics, rare in the lumbars
What is the relationship of the posterior longitudinal ligament to the vertebral foramen?
it forms the anterior boundary of the spinal canal
What is the appearance of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine?
it is parallel along its lateral margins
What is the appearance of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar spine?
it is hourglass shaped along its lateral margins
What is the innermost layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament called?
the perivertebral ligament
What innervates the posterior longitudinal ligament?
the posterior neural plexus formed by fibers from the recurrent meningeal nerve/sinus vertebral nerve/sinu-vertebral nerve
What is the area of maximum metabolic activity in the intervertebral disc?
the transition zone
