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Spinal Final Exam Questions > 10/6 Questions > Flashcards

10/6 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Where is ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament most commonly identified?

A

cervical spine with an 80% incidence

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2
Q

What is the clinical sign of the posterior longitudinal ligament ossification in the cervical spine?

A

a loss of hand and finger dexterity

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3
Q

What is the clinical sign of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification in the lumbar spine?

A

faltering gait

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4
Q

What is the gender, age, and ethnic bias associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

it is greater in males over 50 and has a higher incidence in the Japanese

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5
Q

At one time ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament was an example of what condition?

A

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis or DISH

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6
Q

What are the specific bony attaching sites for the ligamentum flavum?

A

the laminae

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7
Q

What will the ligamentum flavum attach to in addition to the lamina?

A

they may blend with the capsular ligament of the zygapophysis

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8
Q

How many ligamenta flava will attach to the lamina of a cervical segment?

A

two: one with upper margin of the lamina and one with the lower margin

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9
Q

In which region of the spine will the ligamentum flavum be paired?

A

the lumbar spine

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10
Q

How many ligamenta flava will attach to the lamina of a lumbar segment?

A

four: two with the upper margin of the lamina and two with the lower margin

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11
Q

What is the relationship of the ligamentum flavum to the vertebral foramen?

A

it forms the posterior boundary of the spinal canal

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12
Q

What is the name given to the ligamentum flavum based on appearance and histology?

A

it is a yellow elastic ligament

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13
Q

What fibers are most ligaments made up of?

A

collagen type 1 fibers which are whitish in appearance

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14
Q

What is the color of most ligaments in the body?

A

they are whitish

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15
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum flavum?

A

it brakes or limits flexion of the vertebral column

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16
Q

What is now thought to be a major function of the ligamentum flavum?

A

it is an early prime factor in extension of the vertebral column

17
Q

Where is ossification of the ligamentum flavum most commonly identified?

A

the thoracic spine or thoracolumbar transition zone

18
Q

What is the relationship between the capsular ligament and mobility?

A

the more lax/loose the capsular ligament is, the greater the motion of the joint

19
Q

What regions of the vertebral column demonstrate the greatest laxity of capsular ligaments?

A

the cervical and lumbar regions

20
Q

In which region of the vertebral column will the capsular ligament be tightest?

A

the thoracic region

21
Q

What layers are present in the capsular ligament?

A

a superficial layer of collagen fibers and a deep layer of elastic fibers

22
Q

The capsular ligament may blend with which other common ligament?

A

ligamentum flavum

23
Q

What muscle will blend with the capsular ligament posteriorly?

A

multifidis

24
Q

What is the pattern of innervation for the zygapophysis capsular ligament?

A

it is typically innervated by 3 spinal nerves

25
Q

If the zygapophyseal capsular ligament is not significantly involved in restricting motion what is its’ function?

A

it is probably involved in proprioceptive feedback to the muscles stabilizing the vertebral couple during movement

26
Q

What vertebral levels will the interspinous ligament be attached to?

A

those between C2 and S1 inclusive are traditionally indicated

27
Q

What is the status of the human interspinous ligament compared with other common ligaments?

A

they are poorly developed as ligaments although collagen fibers are present

28
Q

What is the status of cervical interspinous ligament?

A

it is lacking, poorly developed, or simply considered the deep anterior part of the ligamentum nuchae

29
Q

What is the status of the thoracic interspinous ligament?

A

it is narrow and elongated reflecting the shape of the spinous process

30
Q

What is the status of the lumbar interspinous ligament?

A

it is broad and thick with three layers identified from anterior to posterior

31
Q

What is the classic function of the interspinous ligament?

A

it brakes or limits flexion of the vertebral column

32
Q

What is now thought to be a major function of the interspinous ligament?

A

it is more likely a proprioceptive transducer for the spinal reflex

33
Q

What are the layers of the ligamentum nuchae?

A

a superficial and deep layer are identified

34
Q

What is the name given to the superficial layer of the ligamentum nuchae?

A

the funicular layer or part

35
Q

What is the name given to the deep layer of the ligamentum nuchae?

A

the lamellar layer or part

36
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

brakes or limits flexion of the vertebral column

Spinal Final Exam Questions (15 decks)

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