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Spinal Final Exam Questions > 10/14 Questions > Flashcards

10/14 Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cranium?

A

the skull minus the mandible

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification

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3
Q

What is the norma verticalis?

A

the skull viewed from the top

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4
Q

What is the appearance of the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures called?

A

bregma

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5
Q

What is the appearance of the intersection of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures called?

A

lambda

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6
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

anterior fontanelle

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7
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

A

posterior fontanelle

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8
Q

What is the glabella?

A

elevation of bone over the frontal sinus between the orbits

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9
Q

What is the name to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

piriform aperture

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10
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

canine eminence

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11
Q

What forms a bullet-like chin?

A

large mental protuberance

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12
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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13
Q

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

A

inion

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14
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

A

nasion, vertex, inion, and gnathion

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15
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

nasion, vertex, and inion

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16
Q

The olfactory nerve exits the cranial vault via what opening?

A

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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17
Q

What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the middle cranial fossa?

A

sella turcica

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18
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

ophthalmic veins, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, abducent nerve

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20
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

tentorium cerebelli

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21
Q

What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

none; the tentorium cerebelli seperates the cerebrum into a space aboe the posterior cranial fossa

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22
Q

What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

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23
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A 
CN VII (facial)
CN VIII (auditory)
Nerve of Wrisberg
Vestibular and Conchlear roots VIII
Internal auditory artery and vein
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24
Q

What cranial nerves are located within the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Spinal accessory (XI)

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25
What can the five layers of the scalp spell?
``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum ```
26
What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?
internal and external carotid artery branches
27
Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?
all 3 divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular nerves
28
Which mandibular division, trigeminal nerve branch innervates the scalp?
auriculotemporal nerve
29
What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?
branchial efferent (BE)
30
What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?
muscular component of the scalp
31
What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?
frontalis and occipitalis bellies of the epicranius muscle
32
Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?
orbicularis oris and procerus and risorius
33
Most of the seventh cranial nerve will exit the skull via what opening?
stylomastoid foramen
34
Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the face?
all 3 divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular nerves
35
The optic canal is located along which wall of the orbit?
superior wall of the orbit
36
What are the contents of the optic canal?
optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
37
What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?
lamina papyracea
38
The superior orbital fissure is located along which wall of the orbit?
lateral wall of the orbit
39
What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?
oculomotor nerve trochlear and abducent nerve ophthalmic division trigeminal ophthalmic vein
40
What opening(s) are located along the inferior wall of the orbit?
inferior orbital fissure
41
What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
42
What are the layers of the eyelid?
skin orbicularis oculi muscle tarsal plate palpebral conjunctiva
43
What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?
tarsal or Meibomian gland
44
What is the function of the Meibomian gland?
produces a thick, hydrophobic substance that prevents tears from overflowing onto the cheeks along the margin of eyelid
45
What is the ciliary gland?
modified sebaceous gland at the base of the eyelash
46
What are the names given to the modified sebaceous glands of the palpebra?
tarsal gland or Meibomian gland and ciliary gland
47
What is the name given to the union of skin at the eyelid margins?
medial palpebral commissure or lateral palpebral commissure
48
What is the name given to the elevation at the medial canthus?
lacrimal caruncle
49
What is the crescent-shaped appearance of the conjunctiva at the medial canthus called?
plica semilunaris conjunctiva
50
What is the name given to the elevation at the medial margin of the eyelid?
superior lacrimal papilla or inferior lacrimal papilla
51
What is the name given to the opening at the lacrimal papilla?
lacrimal punctum
52
The lacrimal punctum is continuous with what structure?
lacrimal canaliculus
53
The lacrimal gland is an example of what classification of gland?
exocrine gland
54
Superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi drain into what structure?
lacrimal sac
55
What is the name of the structure draining the lacrimal sac?
nasolacrimal duct
56
The nasolacrimal duct will open into what specific location?
inferior nasal meatus of nasal cavity
57
What specific pathways are identified with Visceral Efferent (VE) innervation?
sympathetic and parasympathetic motor pathways
58
Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?
facial and trigeminal (maxillary and ophthalmic divisions/branches)
59
Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?
vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen
60
Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?
vasoconstriction of blood vessels limited availability of water to secretory units more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen
61
What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?
fibrous tunic, uveal tract, retina
62
What are the parts of the fibrous tunic of the eyeball?
cornea and sclera
63
What are the parts of the vascular tunic of the eyeball?
iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil
64
What are the parts of the uveal tract of the eyeball?
iris, ciliary body, choroid, pupil
65
What is the name of the innermost layer of the eyeball?
retina
66
What is the function of the rod cell?
provide vision in dim light conditions
67
What is the function of the cone cell?
provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision
68
What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?
rod cell
69
What are the chambers of the eyeball in front of the lens?
anterior chamber and posterior chamber
70
What separates the anterior chamber and posterior chamber in the eyeball?
iris
71
What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?
between the cornea and iris
72
What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?
between the iris and lens
73
What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball?
aqueous humor
74
What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?
aqueous humor
75
What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?
vitreous chamber
76
What is the location of the vitreous chamber?
behind the lens, in front of the retina
77
What fills the vitreous chamber?
vitreous body

Spinal Final Exam Questions (15 decks)

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