9 Flashcards
Are organic catalyst produced by living
organisms.
ENZYMES
They are themselves lifeless.
ENZYMES
Often occur in combination with inorganic
and organic substances that have an
important part in the catalytic action.
ENZYMES
non-protein organic compounds
COENZYMES
inorganic ions
ACTIVATORS
Names used to designate ensumes , usually end in___ or ___
ASE or IN
Are colloids and are soluble in water, diluted alcohol but are precipitated by concentrated alcohol.
ENZYMES
Most acts best at temperature between ____ and ____, temperature above ____ especially in the presence of moisture, usually completely destroy them.
35°C and 40°C, 65 °C
Certain heavy metals, formaldehyde and free iodine retard the enzymes activity.
ENZYMES
Major classes of enzymes
• OXIDOREDUCTASES
• TRANSFERASES
• HYDROLASES
• LIGASES
• LYASES
• ISOMERASES
Trivial Name :
Esterases
• CELLULASE
• DIASTASE
• GLUCOLURONIDASE
• HYALURODINASE
• INVERTASE
• MALTASE
Trivial Names:
Nucleases
• RIBONUCLEASE
• DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE
• NUCLEOPHOSPHATASE
Trivial Names:
Nuclein Diaminases
• ADENASE
• ADENOSINE DEAMINASE
Trivial Names:
Amidases
• ARGINASE
• UREASE
Trivial Names:
Proteolytic Enzymes
• PAPAIN
• PEPSIN
• TRYPSIN
• CHYMOTRYPSIN
• FIBRINOLYSIN
Important Enzymes
• AMYLOLYTIC ENZYMES
• ESTERASES
• PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES
• OXIDIZING ENZYMES
Trivial Names
• ESTERASES
• NUCLEASES
• NUCLEIN DIAMINASES
• AMIDASES
• PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES
Salivary diastase
PTYALIN
Pancreatic juice
AMYLOPSIN
Found in digestive tract of animals
AMYLOPSIN
Examples of Diastase and Amylase
• PTYALIN
• AMYLOPSIN
Germination of barley grains
MALT DIASTASE
Convert starch into maltose
MALT DIASTASE
Found in the yeast and in the intestinal juice.
INVERTASE or SUCRASE
Bring about in the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
INVERTASE or SUCRASE
Also found in the yeast and in intestinal juice
MALTASE
Causes the conversion of maltose into glucose
MALTASE
Fermenting enzymes causing the conversion of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
ZYMASE
Found in almonds
EMULSIN
Causes the hydrolysis of β-glycosides, thus, amygdalin is hydrolyzed into glucose, benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.
EMULSIN
Found in white and black mustard.
MYROSIN
Hydrolyzes Sinalbin and Sinigrin as well as other glycosides.
MYROSIN
Examples of Amylolytic Enzymes
• DIASTASE and AMYLASE
• INVERTASE or SUCRASE
• ZYMASE
• EMULSIN
• MYROSIN
Found in the pancreatic juice of animals and in oily seeds.
LIPASE
Causes the hydrolysis of fats into glycerin and fatty acids.
LIPASE
Splits pectin into pectic acid and methyl alcohol
PECTASE
A lipolytic enzyme capable of digesting
dietary fat.
STEAPSIN
Obtained from soybeans.
UREASE
Use as a laboratory reagent for converting
urea to ammonia.
UREASE
Examples of Esterases (Important Enzymes)
• LIPASE
• PECTASE
• STEAPSIN
• UREASE
Found in the gastric juice.
PEPSIN
Converts proteins into proteoses and peptones.
PEPSIN
Formed when the proenzymes, trypsinogen is acted on by the enterokinase of the intestinal juices.
TRYPSIN
Converts proteoses and peptones into
polypeptides and amino acids.
TRYPSIN
Found in intestinal juices.
EREPSIN
Converts proteoses and peptones into amino acids.
EREPSIN
A coagulating enzyme present in the mucous membrane of the stomach of mammals.
RENNIN
An active proteolytic enzymes found in the unripe fruits of papaya tree.
PAPAIN
Use as meat tenderizer.
PAPAIN
Examples of Proteolytic Enzymes
• PEPSIN
• TRYPSIN
• EREPSIN
• RENNIN
• PAPAIN
Widely distributed in plants.
PEROXIDASE
Bring about the oxidation reaction that causes the discoloration of bruised fruits.
PEROXIDASE
Converts the fibrinogen of the circulating blood into the insoluble fibrin of the blood clot.
THROMBIN
Essentially an oxidizing enzyme because the monosaccharide splits into oxidation.
ZYMASE
Examples of Oxidizing Enzymes
• PROXIDASE
• THROMBIN
• ZYMASE
As digestants.
PEPSIN, PAPAIN, PANCREATIN
To facilitate the diffusion of injected fluids.
HYALURODINASE
To dissolve clotted blood and purulent accumulation.
STREPTOKINASE, STREPTODORNASE
Extensive in the fermentation and in cheese industries.
RENNIN, ZYMASE
Inactivates various penicillin.
PENICILLINASE