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1
Q

Are secreted from the glands of the endocrine system, they are specific in that each hormone causes a response in a specific target organ or group of cells, rather than on the body as a whole.

A

HORMONES

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2
Q

are secreted via a duct into the
blood and usually effect a distant organ or tissue.

A

EXOCRINE HORMONES

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3
Q

are secreted within the tissue
(rather than via a duct) and enter the blood stream via capillaries.

A

ENDOCRINE HORMONES

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4
Q

Endocrine hormones are secreted within the tissue (rather than via a duct) and enter the blood stream via ______.

A

CAPILLARIES

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5
Q

6 classes of hormones

A

• STEROID
• AMINE
• PEPTIDE
• PROTEIN
• GLYCOPROTEIN
• EICOSANOID

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6
Q

Derived from cholesterol which belong to a chemical compounds known as steroids.

A

STEROID HORMONES

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7
Q

Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol which belong to a
chemical compounds known as _____.

A

STEROIDS

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8
Q

Examples of Steroid Hormones

A

• SEX HORMONES
• ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES

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9
Q

derived from the modification of amino acids are referred to as amine hormones. Typically, the original structure of the amino acid is modified such that a
COOH, or carboxyl, group is removed, whereas the NH3 + , or amine group remains.

A

AMINE HORMONES

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10
Q

are synthesized from the amino acids
tryptophan or tyrosine.

A

AMINE HORMONES

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11
Q

An example of a hormone derived from tryptophan is _____, while tyrosine derivatives include thyroid
hormones and catecholamines.

A

MELATONIN

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12
Q

These hormones are made up of only few amino acid residues and they are usually present themselves in a form of linear chains.

A

PEPTIDE HORMONES

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13
Q

Examples of Peptide Hormones:

A

• OXYTOCIN
• VASOPRESSIN

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14
Q

These hormones are build up from large number of amino acid residues.

A

PROTEIN HORMONES

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15
Q

Examples of Protein Hormones

A

• INSULIN
• GLUCAGON
• SOMATOTROPINS

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16
Q

These are conjugated protein bound to
carbohydrate which include galactose,
mannose, fructose.

A

GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES

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17
Q

Glycoprotein hormones are conjugated protein bound to carbohydrate which include ______, _____,______.

A

GALACTOSE, MANNOSE, FRUCTOSE

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18
Q

Examples of Glycoprotein Hormones

A

LH - LUTEINIZING HORMONES
FLH - FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONES
TSH - THYROID STIMULATING HORMONES

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19
Q

Made up of small fatty acid derivatives with a Variety of arachidonic acid.

A

EICOSANOID HORMONES

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20
Q

Example of Eicosanoid

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

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21
Q

are classified according to the organs that synthesize them

A

STEROID HORMONES

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22
Q

Classifications of Steroid Hormones:

A

• SEX HORMONES
• ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES
• PLACENTA HERMONES

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23
Q

These are group of hormone that produced in the testes in males and ovaries in the female.

A

SEX HORMONES

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24
Q

The male sex hormones are usually referred to as?

A

ANDROGENS

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25
Q

The principal androgen is known as?

A

TESTOSTERONE

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26
Q

These hormones are produced primarily by the testes and in discrete amounts by the adrenal cortex.

A

SEX HORMONES

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27
Q

are primarily responsible for the proper
development and maintenance of male
reproductive function and stimulation of the secondary sex characteristics.

28
Q

Androgens are ____, and used in stimulating the production of skeletal muscles and bone as well as red blood cells.

29
Q

Overdosing has been linked to serious side effects, including infertility and coronary heart disease.

A

SEX HORMONES

30
Q

two female sex hormones

A

ESTROGENS and PROGESTINS

31
Q

are secreted mainly by the ovaries and in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands and (in men) by the testes.

32
Q

The most potent estrogen is?

33
Q

This hormone has a similar function similarly to androgens in men

34
Q

promote the development and maintenance of the primary and secondary female sexual characteristics; they also stimulate linear growth and skeletal maturation.

35
Q

the most important of which is Progesterone, are the other type of female sex hormone and are named for their role in maintaining pregnancy (pro-gestation).

A

PROGESTINS

36
Q

are secreted cyclically during
menstruation.

A

ESTROGEN and PROGESTINES

37
Q

They are mainly adrenocortical hormones, which basically divided to two:

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS
MINERALOCORTICOIDS

38
Q

They are mainly adrenocortical hormones, which basically divided to two:

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS
MINERALOCORTICOIDS

39
Q

consist of hormones such as cortisol which mainly control and influence many metabolic processes like deposition
of glycogen in the liver and the formation of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids.

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

40
Q

consist of hormones such as ____ which mainly control and influence many metabolic processes like deposition
of glycogen in the liver and the formation of glucose from amino
acids and fatty acids

41
Q

It also helps in the maintenance of normal blood pressure, and also possessed anti-inflammatory and
immunosuppressive actions, which are useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis and prevents the rejection of transplanted
organs.

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

42
Q

like aldosterone help maintain the balance
between salts and water in the body and the predominantly exerts their effects within the kidney.

A

MINERALOCORTICOIDS

43
Q

is an endocrine gland that is only
present during pregnancy.

44
Q

The placenta produces two steroid hormones:

A

ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE

45
Q

The placenta also releases several protein hormones:

A

• HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (hCG)
• HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (hPL)
• PLACENTAL GROWTH HORMONE
• RELAXIN
• KISSPEPTIN

46
Q

These are group of lipophilic hormones that are usually derived from cholesterol (except T3 and T4).

A

GROUP 1 HORMONES

47
Q

These hormones usually bind to intracellular receptors thereby forming hormone-receptor complex.

A

GROUP 1 HORMONES

48
Q

They are mostly found in general circulation in association with transport proteins however they have relatively longer half-lives in hours or days.

A

GROUP 1 HORMONES

49
Q

Examples of Group 1 Hormones:

A

T3, T4, ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE, and TESTOSTERONE

50
Q

These are hormones that bind to cell surface (plasma membrane) receptor before they stimulate the release of
certain molecules known as second messenger which will then perform the biochemical function of these hormones.

A

GROUP 2 HORMONES

51
Q

These are hormones that bind to cell surface (plasma membrane) receptor before they stimulate the release of
certain molecules known as _____ which will then perform the biochemical function of these hormones.

A

SECOND MESSENGER

52
Q

These hormones have a specific local effect through paracrine secretion.

A

LOCAL HORMONES

53
Q

Examples of local hormones

A

HORMONE TESTOSTERONE

54
Q

These are hormones transported through circulation to the distal target tissue/organ.

A

GENERAL HORMONES

55
Q

Examples of general hormones

A

THYROID HORMONES and INSULIN

56
Q

These hormones may cause muscle contraction, pigment migration, glandular secretion and others.

A

KINETIC HORMONES

57
Q

Example of kinetic hormones

A

EPINEPHRINE

58
Q

These are hormones that mainly caused changes in the rate of metabolism and balance the reaction.

A

METABOLIC HORMONES

59
Q

Examples of Metabolic Hormones

A

• INSULIN
• GLUCAGON
• PARATHYROID HORMONES

60
Q

Nature of Action of Hormones

A

LOCAL HORMOES
GENERAL HORMONES

61
Q

These are hormones that mainly involved in growth and differentiation in the body.

A

MORPHOGENETIC HORMONES

62
Q

Examples of Morphogenetic Hormones

A

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONES
LUTEINIZING HORMONES
THYROID HORMONES

63
Q

Amine hormones are synthesized from the amino acids _____ or _____.

A

TRYPTOPHAN or TYROSINE

64
Q

These are group of hormone that produced in the ____ in males and ____ in the female.

A

TESTES, OVARIES

65
Q

Overdosing has been linked to serious side effects, including ____ and ____

A

INFERTILITY and CORONARY HEART DISEASE

PPC (8 decks)

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