8.7 8.7 Monasticism and language

Question 1

3 vows?

Answer 1

O poverty (giving up all of their possessions)
O chastity (promising not to marry and remain celibate)
O obedience (to follow the instructions of the abbot/abbess or prior/
prioress).

Question 2

Who built them?

Answer 2

Rich patron

Question 3

Vikings and Monasticism?

Answer 3

Viking raids, poverty and the power of local lords had led to a decline in
monasticism (the number of people who were monks or nuns) before the
Conquest.

Question 4

Normans and Monastery?

Answer 4

O Reduce the power of the local lords over the monastery. They often
decided who became abbot and took money made by the monastery.

O Ensure that monks and nuns followed traditional rules such as fasting (not
eating).

Question 5

Lanfranc and monasteries?

Answer 5

• monk himself
• reform English monasteries
• introduced new constitution 1077 Canterbury
• liturgy
• follow the European ones

Question 6

Resistance

Answer 6

There was some resistance to these changes. In 1083, Thurstan, the Abbot of
Glastonbury, sent knights to force his monks to accept a new chant. Three
people were killed and eighteen injured.

Question 7

Abbots?

Answer 7

The Normans also gradually replaced English Church leaders. Although
abbots were replaced less quickly than bishops, by 1086 there were only
three Anglo-Saxon abbots remaining.

Question 8

Increase in monks?

Answer 8

Between 1066 and 1135, the number of monks and nuns had increased from
1000 to 5000.

Question 9

Increase in religious house?

Answer 9

The number of religious houses grew from 60 to 250.

Question 10

First cluniac?

Answer 10

The first Cluniac monastery was Lewes Abbey, which was founded in 1077.
By 1135 there were 24 Cluniac monasteries in England.