8.1 The Control Of Movement

Question 1

Skeletal muscles

Answer 1

Also known as striated muscles; control movement of the body in relation to the environment

Question 2

Cardiac muscles

Answer 2

Also known as the heart muscles; have properties intermediate between those of smooth and skeletal muscles

Question 3

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 3

A synapse way motor neuron axon meets a muscle fiber

Question 4

The function of acetylcholine in the skeletal muscles

Answer 4

In skeletal muscles every axon releases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, and the acetylcholine always excites the muscle to contract

Question 5

Antagonistic muscles

Answer 5

Opposing sets of muscles

Question 6

Flexor

Answer 6

Muscle that flexes or raises

Question 7

Extensor

Answer 7

Muscle that extends or straightens

Question 8

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 8

An autoimmune disease; the immune system attacks acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions; The symptoms are progressive weakness and rapid fatigue of the skeletal muscles

Question 9

Fast-twitch fibers

Answer 9

Produce fast contractions but fatigue rapidly

Question 10

Slow-twitch fibers

Answer 10

Produce a less vigorous contractions without fatiguing

Question 11

Proprioceptor

Answer 11

The receptor that is sensitive to the position or movement of a part of the body

Question 12

Stretch reflex

Answer 12

Caused by a stretch; it does not result in a stretch

Question 13

Muscle spindle

Answer 13

The proprioceptor; A receptor parallel to the muscle the response to the stretch muscle

Question 14

Golgi tendon organ

Answer 14

A proprioceptor; response to increases in muscle tension

Question 15

Reflexes

Answer 15

Consistent automatic responses to stimuli

Question 16

Ballistic movement

Answer 16

Executed as a whole; once initiated it cannot be altered or it’s aim corrected; i.e. a reflex

Question 17

Central pattern generators

Answer 17

Neural mechanisms in the spinal cord or elsewhere that generate rhythmic patterns of motor output

Question 18

Motor program

Answer 18

Fixed sequence of movements; can be produced by a central pattern generator; Can be either learned or built into the nervous system

Question 19

Smooth muscles

Answer 19

Control movement of internal organs