3.1 The concept of the synapse

Question 1

Charles Scott Sherrington

Answer 1

Inferred that a specialized type of communication occurs at the gap between two neurons, which he labeled the synapse

Question 2

Synapse

Answer 2

The gap between two neurons

Question 3

Reflexes

Answer 3

Automatic responses to stimuli

Question 4

Reflex arc

Answer 4

Circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response

Question 5

Temporal summation

Answer 5

Repeated stimuli occurring within a brief time can have a cumulative effect

Question 6

Postsynaptic neuron

Answer 6

The cell that receives the message

Question 7

Presynaptic neuron

Answer 7

The neuron that delivers the synaptic transmission

Question 8

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Answer 8

A graded depolarization; Results from sodium ions entering the cell

Question 9

Spatial summation

Answer 9

Several synaptic inputs originating from separate locations can exert a cumulative effect on a neuron

Question 10

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Answer 10

Temporary hyperpolarization of a membrane; occurs when synaptic input selectively opens the gates for potassium ions to leave the cell, carrying a positive charge with them, or for chloride ions to enter the cell, carrying a negative charge

Question 11

Inhibition

Answer 11

More than just the absence of excitation; it is an active brake that can suppress excitatory responses

Question 12

The greater the number of EPSPs,

Answer 12

The greater the probability of an action potential

Question 13

The greater the number of IPSPs,

Answer 13

The lower the probability of an action potential

Question 14

Graded potentials

Answer 14

Decrease in strength as a flow from their point of origin toward other parts of the neuron

Question 15

Spontaneous firing rate

Answer 15

A periodic production of action potentials even without synaptic input

Question 16

Ramon y Cajal

Answer 16

Demonstrated that neurons do not physically merge into one another and that a narrow gap separates