11.3 & 11.5 Notes

Question 1

Magnocellular neurons

Answer 1

Located throughout the retina; identifies movement; black-and-white; takes most info from the rods

Question 2

Parvocellular neurons

Answer 2

Located in and around the fovea; color, shape, and form

Question 3

Which gender has more sensitive magnocellular pathways?

Answer 3

Males

Question 4

Hemiretina

Answer 4

Half of the retina

Question 5

Nasal hemiretinas

Answer 5

The half of the retina that is closest to your nose; crosses over to the other side of the brain

Question 6

Temporal hemiretinas

Answer 6

The half of the retina that is closest to your temples; does not cross over to the opposite side

Question 7

The left side of the world is processed in which half of the brain?

Answer 7

The right half

Question 8

How do optical illusions work?

Answer 8

Your perception is changing based on which part of your brain is doing the interpreting

Question 9

Retinopretectal circuit

Answer 9

Reflexive contraction of the pupil; brainstem pathway

Question 10

Retinocollicula circuit

Answer 10

Coordinates visual, somatic, and auditory info to allow movement of eyes toward something; the “old” pathway; superior colliculus

Question 11

Retinogeniculate circuit

Answer 11

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus; includes the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways

Question 12

Magnocellular pathway

Answer 12

Dorsal; where or how pathway; goes from V1 > MT and MST > posterior parietal cortex

Question 13

Parvocellular pathway

Answer 13

Ventral; what pathway; goes from V1 > V4 > inferior temporal cortex

Question 14

V4

Answer 14

Critical for color perception, faces, and recognizing people and the emotions associated with them

Question 15

Parietal cortex

Answer 15

Spatial info

Question 16

Visual agnosia

Answer 16

Without visual knowledge; the man who mistook his wife for his hat

Question 17

Achromatopsia

Answer 17

Lack of color vision

Question 18

Akinetopsia

Answer 18

Inability to see motion; caused by damage to MT bilaterally

Question 19

Anton’s syndrome

Answer 19

People who are blind but do not know they’re blind

Question 20

Prosopagnosia

Answer 20

Can’t recognize faces; either they can’t see a face or they can’t recognize people; due to damage in Broadman’s area 21 and 22

Question 21

Charles Bonet syndrome

Answer 21

Experience hallucinations, but they are aware that what they are seeing is not real; the blind spot in their visual field is filled with hallucinations

Question 22

How quickly is information sent from one hemisphere to the other?

Answer 22

In approximately 23 ms

Question 23

Corpus callosum

Answer 23

Divided into five sections; only receives information from the cortex

Question 24

Split brain surgery

Answer 24

Developed by Roger Sperry who studied people who had callosotomy to see which side of the brain did what; the surgery was performed to treat severe epilepsy; issue with the surgery: lack of symmetry

Question 25

Ganglion cells

Answer 25

Output from your eyes; makes up the optic track; includes magnocellular and parvocellular neurons