2.1 The Cells of the NS

Question 1

Ribosomes

Answer 1

The sites at which the cells synthesizes new protein molecules

Question 2

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

A network of been tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations

Question 3

Dendritic spines

Answer 3

Short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapses

Question 4

Can a single neuron have any number of dendrites or axons?

Answer 4

A neuron can have any number of dendrites but it is limited to no more than one axon

Question 5

Local neuron

Answer 5

A small neuron with no axon or a very short one; can convey info only to other neurons immediately adjacent to it

Question 6

Intrinsic neuron

Answer 6

Also known as an interneuron; the cells dendrites and axon are entirely contained within a single structure

Question 7

Purkinje cell of the cerebellum

Answer 7

The dendrite branch extremely widely with any single plane; allows the cell to be capable of integrating an enormous amount of incoming information

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

The structure where the cell performs metabolic activities, providing the energy the cell requires; Many can be found in the presynaptic terminal is because there is a need for much energy in this area

Question 9

Astrocytes

Answer 9

Star-shaped glia; Wrap around the presynaptic terminal’s of several axons; picks up neurotransmitters and recycles them; removes waste material, particularly that created the neurons die

Question 10

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 10

Located in the brain; build the myelin sheath

Question 11

Schwann cells

Answer 11

Builds the myelin sheath in the periphery

Question 12

Radial glia

Answer 12

A type of astrocyte; guides the migration of neurons and the growth of their axons and dendrites during embryonic development

Question 13

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 13

Prolonged thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency can lead to death of neurons; often seen in chronic alcoholics; marked by a severe memory impairments