Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR1 Exam 2 > 8 - Respiratory Control > Flashcards

8 - Respiratory Control Flashcards

1
Q

The brain controls the _____ of breathing and the pattern

A

Frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does firing of the phrenic nerve cause?

A

Contraction of the diaphragm; inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The brain is in charge of the _____ and the _____ ______ when it comes to breathing

A

Rate Tidal Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ______ _______ ______ is apart of the Nucleus tractus solitairus and is involved with the GI tract and the heart as well as respiration

A

Dorsal respiratory group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The _______ ______ ______ is a long respiratory center and involves the nucleus ambiguus

A

ventral respiratory group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is located in the pons and is involved with inspiratory, expiratory and combined efforts of breathing

A

Pontine Respiratory group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which portion of the brain is critical for the rhythm of breathing?

A

Pre-botzinger complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Compare the locations of the ventral and dorsal respiratory groups

A

the dorsal respiratory group is closer to midline than the central group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the order of respiratory factors that the brain controls?

A

Determine the timing

Determine the tidal volume (depth)

Send the signal to the motoneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ______ _______ ______ is the main site that determines respiratory rate

A

pre-botzinger region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aside from the pre-Botzinger complex, what is the other component that helps to determine the rate of the respiration?

A

The transition from inspiration to expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

________ is the failure to turn inspiration off

A

Apneusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ______ is considered part of the network that controls the length of inspiration under normal circumstances

A

PRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When the ______ is lesioned, we lose the ability to turn inspiration off without additional sensory information from the _____ nerves.

A

PRG

Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name that respiratory group!

• 95% premotor to phrenic

  • Receives lots of sensory info.
  • That sensory information allows it to generate a pattern appropriate to the circumstances.
A

DRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The rostral end of this respiratory group contains the premotor to the phrenic nerve and the inspiratory muscles

A

VRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the caudal end of the VRG do?

A

premotor to the upper airway and other mucles of inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_________ results from pontine damage whereas ________ results from medullary or spinal damage

A

Apneusis

Apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Both apnea and apneusis caise and increase in CO2 and a decrease in O2 but what is the main difference between the two?

A

The changes in apneusis are slightly delayed because you are still getting air in initially. Apnea you aint doing nothin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the equation for gas exchange?

A

Ve=f x Vt

21
Q

A chemoreceptor is a neuron that is sensitive to specific chemicals. In the respiratory system, these chemicals are _____, _____, and ____.

A

CO2

O2

H+

22
Q

An ______ in CO2 will cause the chemoreceptrs to fire

A

increase

23
Q

A decrease in ______ will increase the firing rate of the chemoreceptors

A

oxygen

24
Q

True/False: An increase in H+ causes the chemoreceptors to fire

A

TRUE

25
Q

What is the normal response of a respiratory neuron (or any neuron) to an increase in CO2 or a decrease in O2?

A

A decrease in activity - which would decrease ventilation, decreasing gas exchange and making the problem worse.

26
Q

________ is the ability of certain chemicals to change the discharge rate of sensitive neurons.

A

Chemosensitivity

27
Q

The chemoreceptors will ______ their rate of activity when hypoxia or hypercapnia occur

A

increase

28
Q
A
29
Q

The chemoreceptors will then ________ the respiratory centers and ________ respiration.

A

activate

increase

30
Q

What are the two types of chemoreceptors?

A

Central (in the brain)

Peripheral (in the carotid and the aorta)

31
Q

The ________ chemoreceptors are located on the ventral surface of the medulla and are sensitive to CO2 in the blood

A

central

32
Q

What helps to cause the drive to breathe? Describe her

A

CO2 crosses the BBB and reacts with CARBONIC ANHYDRASE to make bicarbonate which is able to dissociate into H+ and HCO3. The H+ stimuluates the VRG and the DRG and causes a response

33
Q

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptrs and what are they sensitive to?

A

Carotid body and Aortic arch

Sensitive to O2 CO2 and H+

34
Q
A
35
Q

The _______ chemoreceptors are DIRECTLY sensitive to the pH of the CSF and INDIRECTLY to the CO2 in the plasma

A

central

36
Q

Describe the Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors

A

Located in airways

  • Sensitive to: Stretch of airways (directly proportional to lung volume)
  • Fibers travel to brain in Vagus nerve.
  • Effect: inhibition of inspiration (inspiratory termination) and prolongation of expiration
37
Q

The slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors are important for controlling respiration in

1.

2.

A
  1. Adults during exercise
  2. infants
38
Q

What are the two receptors that are involved in protecting the gas exchange surface?

A

Rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors

J receptors

39
Q

The _______ ________ _________ ________ ________ are Sensitive to: Irritation, foreign bodies in airway; Stretch

A

Rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors

40
Q

What is the effect of the rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors?

A

Cough

41
Q

There are two places in which the cough is ellicted, what are they?

A

Rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors and the larynx

42
Q
A
43
Q

The ____ ______ are located near the blood vessels of the alveoli, are sensitive to pulmonary edema, fibers travel to the brain via the vagus nerve

effect: cough, tachypnea

A
44
Q
A
45
Q

The RAR’s and J Receptors mediate protective reflexes that _________ the normal respiratory control systems.

A

Override

***important for survival

46
Q

Which receptors respond to the stretch of the lung?

A

Slowly adapting PSR (SARS)

47
Q

Which receptors respond to irritants?

A

rapidly adapting RARs

48
Q

What receptors respond to pulmonary edema?

A

J receptors

49
Q

In the cases of talking or holding your breath the cortex seems to ________ the medullary centers and send the input directly to the muslces of inspiration

A

bypassing

CPR1 Exam 2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions