16- Acid-Base Physiology & DSA Acid-Base Disturbances

Question 1

This is a substance that donates a hydrogen ion (a proton) to another substance.

Answer 1

Acid

Question 2

This is a substance that accepts a hydrogen ion from another substance.

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

A ________ acid is completely or almost completely dissociated into a hydrogen ion and its ________ base in dilute aqueous solution.

Answer 3

Strong

Conjugate

Question 4

What are the 4 arterial blood gases that the tissue will receive?

Answer 4

Arterial Oxygen (PaO2)
Arterial Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)
Arterial pH (pHa) 
Arterial Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Question 5

What are the value ranges for the arterial blood gases?

Answer 5

PaO2 = 80-100 mmHg
PaCO2 = 35-45 mmHg (for calculations use 40 mmHg) 
pHa = 7.35-7.45 (for calculations use 7.4) 
HCO3- = 22-26 mEq/L (for calculations use 24 mEq/L)

Question 6

pH < 7.35 is (ACIDOSIS/ALKALOSIS) and pH > 7.45 is (ACIDOSIS/ALKALOSIS).

Answer 6

Acidosis

Alkalosis

Question 7

How do changes in HCO3- change the pH?

Answer 7

Increased HCO3- = Increased pH

Decreased HCO3- = Decreased pH

Question 8

What do the kidneys do with HCO3?

Answer 8

Moves HCO3 into urine and reabsorb HCO3, along with secreting H+ into urine.

Question 9

What does the GI tract do with HCO3?

Answer 9

Secretes HCO3 and H+. Vomiting or diarrhea will cause a loss of HCO3.

Question 10

Anti-acids (too many TUMS) and other acids like lactic acid/lactate, ketoacids, etc. can cause changes in…

Answer 10

HCO3

Question 11

Changes in bicarbonate are known as _________ disturbances.

Answer 11

Metabolic

Question 12

How do changes in CO2 affect the pH?

Answer 12

Increased CO2 = Decreased pH (Acidosis)

Decreased CO2 = Increased pH (Alkalosis)

Question 13

Anything that alters CO2 movement from the alveoli to the blood will produce _________ disturbances in acid-base balance.

Answer 13

Respiratory

Question 14

What is step 1 in interpreting arterial blood gases?

Answer 14

Look at pH - is it normal, acidotic, or alkalotic?

Question 15

What is step 2 in interpreting arterial blood gases?

Answer 15

What is the cause of the disturbance? Is it metabolic or respiratory? Look at PaCO2 and HCO3, are they normal?

***Remember, even if BOTH change, you have to look at the relationships and make sure they work correctly.

Question 16

T/F. Metabolic and Respiratory disturbances can occur at the same time.

Answer 16

True