8. Peers: A World of Their Own

Question 1

aggressive-rejected children

Answer 1

Youngsters who are not accepted by their peers because of their low level of self-control and high level of aggression.

Question 2

associative play

Answer 2

Interaction in which young children share toys, materials, and sometimes conversation, but are not engaged in a joint project.

Question 3

average children

Answer 3

Youngsters who have some friends but who are not as well liked as popular children.

Question 4

clique

Answer 4

A peer group formed on the basis of friendship.

Question 5

controversial children

Answer 5

Youngsters who are liked by many peers but also disliked by many.

Question 6

cooperative play

Answer 6

Interaction in which children share goals and work together to achieve them.

Question 7

crowd

Answer 7

A collection of people whom others have stereotyped on the basis of their perceived shared attitudes or activities—for example, populars or nerds.

Question 8

dominance hierarchy

Answer 8

An ordering of individuals in a group from most to least dominant; a “pecking order.”

Question 9

gang

Answer 9

A group of adolescents or adults who form an allegiance for a common purpose.

Question 10

homophily

Answer 10

The tendency of individuals to associate and bond with others who are similar.

Question 11

mutual antipathy

Answer 11

A relationship of mutual dislike between two people.

Question 12

negative gossip

Answer 12

Adverse or detrimental information shared about another child with a peer.

Question 13

neglected children

Answer 13

Youngsters who are often socially isolated and, although they are not necessarily disliked, have few friends.

Question 14

nonaggressive-rejected children

Answer 14

Excluded youngsters who tend to be anxious, withdrawn, and socially unskilled.

Question 15

parallel play

Answer 15

Interaction in which very young children are do- ing the same thing, often side by side, but are not engaged with each other.

Question 16

peer group network

Answer 16

The cluster of peer acquaintances who are familiar with and interact with one another at different times for common play or task-oriented purposes.

Question 17

perceived popularity

Answer 17

Ratings of how well a child is liked by his or her peers, made by teachers, parents, and children.

Question 18

popular children

Answer 18

Youngsters who are liked by many peers and disliked by very few.

Question 19

pretend play

Answer 19

Make-believe activity in which objects are used symbolically.

Question 20

rejected children

Answer 20

Youngsters who are disliked by many peers and liked by very few.

Question 21

reputational bias

Answer 21

Tendency to interpret peers’ behavior on the basis of past encounters with and feelings about them.

Question 22

self-disclosure

Answer 22

The honest sharing of information of a personal nature, often with a focus on problem solving; a central means by which adolescents and others develop friendships.

Question 23

social comparison

Answer 23

The process by which people evaluate their own abilities, values, and other qualities by comparing themselves with others, usually their peers.

Question 24

sociometric technique

Answer 24

A procedure for determining a child’s status within her or his peer group; each child in the group either nominates others whom she or he likes best and least or rates each child in the group for desirability as a companion.