8. Peers: A World of Their Own Flashcards
aggressive-rejected children
Youngsters who are not accepted by their peers because of their low level of self-control and high level of aggression.
associative play
Interaction in which young children share toys, materials, and sometimes conversation, but are not engaged in a joint project.
average children
Youngsters who have some friends but who are not as well liked as popular children.
clique
A peer group formed on the basis of friendship.
controversial children
Youngsters who are liked by many peers but also disliked by many.
cooperative play
Interaction in which children share goals and work together to achieve them.
crowd
A collection of people whom others have stereotyped on the basis of their perceived shared attitudes or activities—for example, populars or nerds.
dominance hierarchy
An ordering of individuals in a group from most to least dominant; a “pecking order.”
gang
A group of adolescents or adults who form an allegiance for a common purpose.
homophily
The tendency of individuals to associate and bond with others who are similar.
mutual antipathy
A relationship of mutual dislike between two people.
negative gossip
Adverse or detrimental information shared about another child with a peer.
neglected children
Youngsters who are often socially isolated and, although they are not necessarily disliked, have few friends.
nonaggressive-rejected children
Excluded youngsters who tend to be anxious, withdrawn, and socially unskilled.
parallel play
Interaction in which very young children are do- ing the same thing, often side by side, but are not engaged with each other.
peer group network
The cluster of peer acquaintances who are familiar with and interact with one another at different times for common play or task-oriented purposes.
perceived popularity
Ratings of how well a child is liked by his or her peers, made by teachers, parents, and children.
popular children
Youngsters who are liked by many peers and disliked by very few.
pretend play
Make-believe activity in which objects are used symbolically.
rejected children
Youngsters who are disliked by many peers and liked by very few.
reputational bias
Tendency to interpret peers’ behavior on the basis of past encounters with and feelings about them.
self-disclosure
The honest sharing of information of a personal nature, often with a focus on problem solving; a central means by which adolescents and others develop friendships.
social comparison
The process by which people evaluate their own abilities, values, and other qualities by comparing themselves with others, usually their peers.
sociometric technique
A procedure for determining a child’s status within her or his peer group; each child in the group either nominates others whom she or he likes best and least or rates each child in the group for desirability as a companion.
