5. Emotions: Thoughts about Feelings

Question 1

childhood depression

Answer 1

A mood disorder often manifested in despondent mood and loss of interest in familiar activities but possibly expressed as irritability and crankiness and difficulty concentrating or focusing on tasks.

Question 2

cognitive behavior therapy

Answer 2

A therapy technique useful for treating depression in adolescents that teaches strategies for dealing with depressive moods and acquiring a more positive outlook.

Question 3

Duchenne smile

Answer 3

A smile reflecting genuine pleasure, shown in crinkles around the eyes as well as an upturned mouth.

Question 4

emotion regulation

Answer 4

The managing, monitoring, evaluating, and modifying of emotional reactions to reduce the intensity and duration of emotional arousal.

Question 5

emotional display rule

Answer 5

An implicit understanding in a culture of how and when an emotion should be expressed.

Question 6

emotional script

Answer 6

A scheme that enables a child to identify the emotional reaction likely to accompany a particular event.

Question 7

empathy

Answer 7

A shared emotional response that parallels another person’s feelings.

Question 8

learned helplessness

Answer 8

A feeling that results from the belief that one cannot control the events in one’s world.

Question 9

primary emotions

Answer 9

Fear, joy, disgust, surprise, sadness, and interest, which emerge early in life and do not require introspection or self-reflection.

Question 10

reflex smile

Answer 10

A upturned mouth seen in the newborn that is usually spontaneous and appears to depend on some internal stim- ulus rather than on something external such as another person’s behavior.

Question 11

secondary or self-conscious emotions

Answer 11

Pride, shame, guilt, jealousy, embarrassment, and empathy, which emerge in the sec- ond year of life and depend on a sense of self and the awareness of other people’s reactions.

Question 12

seperation anxiety

Answer 12

Fear of being apart from a familiar caregiver (usually the mother or father), which typically peaks at about 15 months of age.

Question 13

social referencing

Answer 13

The process of reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in an uncertain situation.

Question 14

social smile

Answer 14

An upturned mouth in response to a human face or voice, which first occurs when the infant is about 2 months old.

Question 15

stranger distress or fear of strangers

Answer 15

A negative emotional reaction to unfamiliar people, which typically emerges in infants around the age of 9 months.