8-Motivation, Emotion & Engagement

Question 1

Motive

define

Answer 1

a driving factor behind a person’s behaviours, decisions or actions

Question 2

Goal

definition

Answer 2

immediate objective associated with sequences of behaviours

Question 3

Strategy

definition

Answer 3

Plans/methods used to acheive goals

Question 4

Primary vs secondary drive

Answer 4

primary:
- present at birth
- eg: hunger, tiredness, fear…

secondary:
- form through early childhood experience and socialization

Question 5

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (HON)

list

Answer 5

1. Physiological Needs
2. Safety Needs
3. Belonging Needs
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self-Actualization

Question 6

Features/key points of maslows HON

Answer 6

• base needs must be met before higher needs
• an individuals drive, desire and motivation will be to meet the lowest level need that isn’t met

Question 7

Goal theories

basic idea

Answer 7

human motivation combines several goals involving different social and psychological needs

Question 8

Goal theories 1 - 5

list types + brief description of each

Answer 8

1. Affective: emotional and physical satisfaction
2. Cognitive: intellectual curiosity
3. Subjective Organization: spiritual awareness??
4. Self-Assertive: leadership, competition, achievement…
5. Integrative Social Relationship: ethical and social obligations

Question 9

Goal theories 6 - 9

list types + brief description of each

Answer 9

6. Task: practicing specific skills
7. Learning: understanding and mastering a topic
8. Performance: external validation (grades, applause…)
9. Work-Avoidant: minimize facing challenges

Question 10

3 critical factors of work

Answer 10

1. skill variety
2. task identity (final product worker can identify)
3. task significance

also applicable to student satisfaction

Question 11

Growth mindset theory

description

Answer 11

a mindset in which an individual will embrace challenges, face setbacks with a positive attitude and learn from criticism

Question 12

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 12

A bell curve graph of performance (y-axis) vs stress (x-axis)

it suggests that there is an optimal level of stress where you are not bored (stress is too low) or overwhelmed (stress is too high)

Question 13

Candle problem study: which factors affected the number of failed participants and how?

Answer 13

Problem difficulty: significantly more failures for the more difficult problem

Incentive: higher incentive led to more failures for the more difficult group but less failures for the easy group

same pattern for time taken

Question 14

Functional Fixedness

definition

Answer 14

past experiences with objects can limit our ability to consider other potential uses for these objects

Question 15

STAR study

test groups + results

Answer 15

Group 1: offered academic support (tutor, peer advising, study groups)
Group 2: offered financial support for good grades
Group 3: offered a mix of both (combined)

• Combined treatment best improved academic standing, particularly for women
• Improvement persisted though to the end of second year despite treatment only being given in first year

Question 16

Flow theory (4 term grid)

Answer 16

• Apathy
• Boredom
• Anxiety
• Flow

Question 17

Teaching recommendations to increase flow state in the classroom

Answer 17

1. knowledgeable about their subject, enthusiastic teaching
2. optimal match between demand and preparedness of students
3. providing both instructional and emotional support

Question 18

Stress hormone pathway

Answer 18

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

1. Hypothalamus: CRH (corticotropin releasing h.)
2. Anterior pituitary: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic h.)
3. Adrenal cortex: cortisol

Diencephalon: composed of Thalamus and Hypothalamus