5-Constructing Knowledge Flashcards
Genetic epistemology
by whom + description
Jean Piaget - developmental-cognitive position
Development affects our learning capacity (the extent and range of things we can learn).
Piaget defined stages of cognitive developmement (with a focus on children) and studied how these affect learning.
computational neuroscientists
their goals
understanding computational models can assist in understanding how the human brain organizes, processes and responds to information
pedagogical psychology
description
Field of educational psychology focused on applying our understanding of learning to find instructional and study approches that best allow for information retention.
Neuromyth
description + example
Myths about neuroscience which are commonly believed by the general public.
eg:
- people are “left or right brained”
- people have distinct “learning styles”
- “we only use 10% of our brains”
What were the key findings in test results between note-taking groups? (typed vs written/longhand)
- They performed the same on factual-recall questions
- Written group performed better on conceptual-application questions
What were the key findings in EEG scans between note-taking groups? (typed vs written/longhand)
written groups showed increased connectivity across brain regions
Cognitive psychologist goals
list
Explaining higher mental processes:
- memory
- perception
- information processing
- decision making
- knowing
Which technique did Jean Piaget commonly use to study cognitive development?
name + description
The Méthode Clinique
Semi-structured interview, asking questions based on the child’s response and allowing them to talk freely while eventualy asking a list of questions
What did Piaget believe were the two components of adaptation?
component + explanation + intellectual process
Assimilation: respond using previous learning
- interpreting new information using an old schema
eg: dogs have 4 legs –> this animal is a dog
Accomodation: change behaviour in response to environmental demands
- modifying old schemas to fit new situations
eg: the animal is a horse –> horses have 4 legs AND hooves, dogs do not have hooves
What is imitation primarily an example of?
accomodation
How does Piaget describe intelligence?
- mobile: something that changes
- reflected in maximally adaptive behaviour
What are Piaget’s stages of development?
stage + age range
1 Sensorimotor: birth - 2yrs
2 Preoperational: 2yrs - 7yrs
- Preconceptual: 2yrs - 4yrs
- Intuitive: 4yrs - 7yrs
3 Concrete operations: 7yrs - 11/12yrs
4 Formal operations: 11/12yrs - 14/15yrs
Piaget stage of development
Sensorimotor
stage # + age + common errors + skills gained
1: birth - 2yrs
Errors:
- understanding of the world is here and now
- lack of object permanence
Skills:
- language development
- coordinate activities (eg: walking, crawling…)
- appearance of intentionality (eg: pretending to cook a meal)
- recognize cause and effect relationships (eg: light switch)
Piaget stage of development
Preoperational
stage # + age + common errors/skills gained
2: 2yrs - 7yrs
2.1 Preconceptual: 2yrs - 4yrs
- Transductive logic errors (eg: all 4 legged animals are dogs)
2.2 Intuitive: 4yrs - 7yrs
- intuitive problem solving (logical thinking for easier, perceptually dominant problems)
- egocentrism (eg: can’t understand others see from a different perspective)
- absence of conservation (certain object properties remain constant, even if they appear different)
Piaget stage of development
Concrete Operations
stage # + age + common errors/skills gained
3: 7yrs - 11/12yrs
ability to conserve:
- reversibility
- identity
- compensation
??? i dont understand the conserve things
