2-Learning Theories Flashcards
Socrates
main bullet points and/or theories
- Socrating method of teaching and learning
- Socratic thinking/dialectic approach
Socratic thinking/dialectic approach
- teacher and students ask open ended questions
- conversation style of learning
- student and teacher can arrive at different conclusions
Plato
main bullet points and/or theories
- founded the Academy (free place to study)
- Rationalism
studied under Socrates
Rationalism
belief in the existence of innate or inborn knowledge
Aristotle
main bullet points and/or theories
- Empiricism
Empiricism
knowledge and expertise result from our experiences in the real world
Roman catholic church
main bullet points and/or theories
- rote memorization
- appretice teacher model of learning
Rote memorization
verbatim recollection of scripture
Apprentice-teacher model
teacher is meant to instruct student to aquire skills through experience
Rennaisance period
main bullet points and/or theories
- focus on combining discrete disciplines
eg: anatomy and art into anatomical drawings
Martin Luther
main bullet points and/or theories
- advocate for accessible education
- helped form modern public education
René Descartes
main bullet points and/or theories
- believed in innate thinking strategies: pure thinking is a source of knowledge
- rationalist like Plato
John Locke
main bullet points and/or theories
- believed a child’s mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate) shaped by sensory experiences
- empiricist like Aristotle
Jean-Jaques Rousseau
main bullet points and/or theories
- proposed educational reform: remove rigid structure and align teaching strategies with child development
- 5 Stages of Child Development
Rousseau’s 5 stages of child development
basic stage names + 2 word description
- Early Childhood: physical development
- Boyhood: sensory development
- Preadolescence: develop reasoning
- Adolescence: develop sentiment
- Adulthood: self-governing human
Rousseau’s 1st stage of development
name + age range + detailed description
Early Childhood: 0 - 6
Physical development
- fed by mother
- loose clothing and large crib
- no beating or shouting
- respect child’s autonomy
Rousseau’s 2nd stage of development
name + age range + detailed description
Boyhood: 7 - 9
Sensory development
- play games
- natural experiments outside
- natural consequences
Rousseau’s 3rd stage of development
name + age range + detailed description
Preadolescence: 10 - 12
Develop reasoning
- self-directed learning
- teach carpentry
Rousseau’s 4th stage of development
name + age range + detailed description
Adolescence: 13 - 19
Develop sentiment
- learn compassion, love…
- perfect reason through sentiment
- begin formal education
- teach religion if desired
Rousseau’s 5th stage of development
name + age range + detailed description
Adulthood: 20 +
Self-governing human
- unless you’re a woman… wow
- don’t pursue wealth and temptations
- go to the city to appreciate the finer things
- get a partner
Immanuel Kant
main bullet points and/or theories
- Combining rationalism and empiricism
- our understanding of the world goes beyond our perceptions
Edward Lee Thorndike
main bullet points and/or theories
- applied scientific approach to the study of learning
- analyzed the time it took for cats to complete a task with respect to the number of trials
B. F. Skinner
main bullet points and/or theories
- studied factors which affect the rate of learning
- Operant Conditioning Chamber/Skinner Box
Jean Piaget
main bullet points and/or theories
- analyzed problem solving with age –> cognitive development
Lev Vygotsky
main bullet points and/or theories
- socio-cultural theory of learning
- led to the development of collaborative learning
- Zone of Proximal Development
Zone of proximal development
zone names surrounding it + description + result of being in this zone
- Easy zone: tasks within learners current ability, no assistance needed –> boredom and lack of motivation
- Zone of PD: tasks just outside current ability, can be completed with assistance –> best to aquire new knowledge
- Too-hard-zone: tasks far beyond current ability, can’t be completed even with assistance –> frustration and disengagement
Socio-cultural theory of learning
psychological well being and learning capacity is influenced by social interactions
our cognitive development is influenced by society and culture
collaborative learning
learning through older student mentors instead of only a teacher
John Dewey
main bullet points and/or theories
- Learning by doing motto + 4 principles of education
- Progressive education
- Responsive classroom approach
John Dewey’s 4 principles of education
- Experience: experiments, activities…
- Discuss: their learning
- Interactive: their actions influence the world/classroom
- Interdisciplinary: subjects are connected through projects and teaching
Progressive education
- engaging learning activities
- developmentally matched lessons
- lessons are socially relevant
Responsive classroom approach
learner centered teaching focused on fostering a community of learners
usesexperiential learning
Maria Montessori
main bullet points and/or theories
- Montessori approach to learning
Montessori approach to learning
- learning led by exploration, independence and interest
- teachers observe, support and facilitate learning
