8: Middle adulthood Flashcards
explain physical changes in middle adulthood
decline in muscle strength in back and leg areas
- requires calcium rich diet and regular exercise
what is presbyopia
loss of near vison in middle adulthood due to aging
glaucoma
condition where pressure is generated in the eye due to excess ocular fluid
presbycusis
loss of ability to hear at high frequency sounds
osteoporosis
condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to lack of calcium
explain reaction time of middle adults
decline in speed of neural transmissions= slower responses
explain the middle aged nervous system
synapses is lost and cerebrospinal fluid increases in volume= cognitive decline
before decline= white matter peaks
what are benefits of exercise
slows the degenerations of muscle, nervous, and skeletal system.
Maintains blood pressure to prevent risk of heart attacks and stroke from circulatory system
psychological benefits is enhance in mood and reduction of stress
what affects does middle age have on male reproduction
reduces testosterone, reduced quality and volume of ejaculate, difficulty reaching erection
explain affects of middle age on female reproduction
thin and less elastic vaginal walls
shrinking of vaginal opening
egg quality declines
what are female climacterics
transition that marks end of child bearing years
menopause
cessation of mensuration
occurs early 40’s= drop in progesterone and estrogen
what is male climacterics
change in mans reproductive system in his 50’s
- drop in testosterone
- enlargement of prostate gland and erectile dysfunction= difficulty to urinate
physiological effects of stress
- high BP
- decrease immune system functioning
- increase hormone activity
- psychophysiological conditions
behavioural effects of stress
- increase use of harmful substances
- low nutrition and sleep
indirect related behaviours of stress
- decreased compliance to medical advice
- delays in seeking medical care
type A behavior patters that affect cardiovascular disease
High ambition, multitasking and dynamic mood– higher risk to coronary disease
type B behavior patters that affect cardiovascular disease
: Low aggression, non-competitiveness
type D behavior patters that affect cardiovascular disease
Pessimistic outlook– higher risk to heart disease
what is cancer, what are some treatments
Cells of the body don’t stop reproducing, giving rise to harmful tumours.
- radiation therapy
- chemotherapy
- tumour removal surgery
selective optimization
Process by which people concentrate
on particular skill area to
compensate for losses in other areas.
expertise
Skill or knowledge acquired in a
particular area
Episodic memory
Ability to recount personal
experiences in detail
- weaker with age but able to remember with cues
semantic memory
General knowledge, word
meanings and factual
information stored
memory schemas
Organized
mental framework to store in
memory.
Normative-crisis theories
Approach to
development that is based on age-related
universal stages.
Life events theories
Approach to personality
development that is based on particular events
rather than age
Generativity vs Stagnation Stage
Stage in which people consider their contributions to family and society.
- generative adults: offer guidance and encouragement
- stagnation: lack of psychological growth; frustration
Midlife Crisis or transition
A stage of uncertainty and indecision brought
about by the realization that life is finite
Empty nest syndrome
Parent’s unhappiness and
worries relating to their children
moving out of the house
Boomerang Children
Young adults who return home
to live with middle-aged parents
Helicopter Parenting
Intrusively intervening in
children’s lives
Sandwich generation
Individuals who need to take
care of their parents and
their children
- collectivist culture
Cycle of violence
hypothesis
Those who faced abuse as
children tend to perpetuate that
behaviour
Burnout
Situation where workers experience
dissatisfaction, frustration and weariness
from their jobs.
what are Effects of termination
- depression and anxiety
- feeling unproductive
- pessimism/ cynicism
