8- Kingdom Plants Flashcards
Characteristics of bryophytes
Multicellular; eukaryotic, photosynthesize with chlorophyll a + b, cellulose cell walls, alternation of generations
What members are in Bryophyta?
Mosses
Algae phylum
Rhodophyta (red)
Phaeophyta (brown)
Chlorophyll (green)
Phylum chlorophyta
Single, colonial or multicellular Chlorophyll a + b Store food as starch Cellulose cell walls Live at surface
Phylum rhodophyta
Few unicellular, most large multicellular
Chlorophyll a + d accessory pigments are phycobilins
Store sugars as Floridian starch
Cell walls with agar or carrageenan
Deepest living algae
Phylum phaeophyta
All multicellular
Chlorophyll a + c, accessory pigment fucoxanthin
Cell wall of cellulose and algin
Food stored as laminarin starch or oil
Alternation of generations of algae
Haploid gametophytes produce gametes, gamete fertilization produced diploid zygote
Zygote matures to sporophyte
Sporophyte produce flagellated spores
Algal blooms
Some algae grow rapidly and algae grow i large populations when there are lots of waste. Algal blooms deplete water of nutrients
Moss life cycle
Female Gametophyte have archegonia, produce egg, male have antheridia produce spent. Mature sporophyte develops on top of plant, produce capsule that releases spores that then go through meiosis
Why do mosses need a wet environment?
Need to be hydrated and to reproduce
Protonema
Immature gametophyte generation of bryophyte
Why are bryophytes considered the most primitive?
They depend on water for reproduction and have no capsular tissue
Why do ferns depend on water?
They depend on water for their gametophyte that needs the water to produce a sporophyte
What structural advances do ferns have?
Ferns are vascular, except not in the gametophyte
What are the frond, sori, rhizome, and spore
The front is the leaves, the sori is the collection of sporangia, rhizomes are horizontal stems the ferns use to grow. Spores are asexual diploid structures that produce gametophyte
