5- Monera Flashcards
General characteristics of monerans?
Prokaryotic, unicellular, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, have a cell wall, layer of peptidoglycn, mostly asexual; autotrophic or heterotrophic
Eu bacteria
True bacteria, widely dispersed, cell wall of peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria
Ancient, extreme environments, no cell wall
Reproduction
Mostly binary fission, also conjugation where two bacterial cells come together and share plasmids and endospores that develop in cell membrane and ‘freeze’ the bacteria to survive in tough conditions
Streptococci shape
Chain
Staphylococci
Clumps
4 parts of bacteria cells
DNA, ribosome, cell membrane, and cell wall
Bacteria can be identified by
Shape, cell walls (gran positive or gram negative), movement, obtain energy
What is grain staining
Testing to see what type of cell walls are found. Two dyes: violet and red. Gram positive will only absorb the violet dye. Gram negative bacteria have a second outer layer of fatty lipids and will repeal it, but absorb red
Salmonella symptoms
Salmonella takes longer to recover, toxin is kept in the cell’s walls and is released when bacteria muses. Causes diarrhea, chills, vomiting, and ab pain.
Staphylococci
Acts much faster and causes nausea, ab cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea
Obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes
Obligate aerobes: need oxygen
Obligate anaerobes: can’t be in oxygen
Facultative aerobes: can have oxygen but don’t. Red it
Autotrophs and heterotrophs
Autotrophs:
- Phototropism (energy from light)
- Chemotrophs (energy from inorganic compounds)
Heterotrophs:
-chemotrophic (energy from inorganic compounds)
|Saprophytic: decaying matter
|Parasitic
-phototropism (get energy from light but need organic compounds)
Human uses of bacteria
Produce food, medicine, industry
How do antibiotics affect bacteria
Antibiotics block the growth and reproduction of bacteria, but some bacteria can be mutated to not be affected and use natural selection to better survive
