1- Evolution Flashcards
Define each level of organization of living things:
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, groups of cells, cells, molecules
2 assumptions of Lamarck
- selective use or disuse or organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits
- could inherit acquired traits
- every organism wanted to be complex and perfect
Importance of Galápagos Islands to Charles Darwin?
Made observations that no animals on earth looked like them. Realized that these separate species would have evolved from an original South American ancestor species
What was the Darwin-Wallace theory of Natural Selection?
- Struggle for existence
- Survival of the fittest
- Descent with modification
- Organisms on earth came from common descendants
Lamarck vs Darwin differences and similarities
Similarities:
- both evolved from use
- struggle
Differences:
- Lamarck believes traits could be passed on like a hobby
- Lamarck thought that animals could stretch necks to make them longer
- Darwin believed in mutation and modification to give certain organisms benefits
Punctuated Theory of Evolution by Gould and Eldridge (Punctuated Equilibrium)
- The speed is slow and steady and gradual
- Then there are points where major changes occur
- Long periods of gradualism followed by short and rapid periods of growth
How do a) marsupials b) fossils c) embryology d) biochemistry e) homologous structures f) pepper moth g) vestigial features Can be used to support evolution
a) similar but new traits to suit environment
b) fossils show that animals used to be less complex than they are now
c) embryology, the animals have similar looking embryos
d) biochemistry similar DNA between species
e) homologous structures show similar structures used for different things
f) represent that natural selection exists
g) vestigial features aren’t essential to organisms and have shrunk/disappeared
Explain process of producing a fossil
-When a plant or animal die in a watery environment it is buried in mud and silt soft tissues decompose and leave the hard bones or shells behind and later harden into rock
Gene pool
The amount of alleles in a certain population
Genetic drift
The alternation of alleles due to random change
Gene flow
The flow in and out of places
Components of a nucleotide
Sugar phosphate backbone attached to base pair.
Adenine and Thymine (2 hydrogen bonds)
Cytosine and Guanine (3 hydrogen bonds)
Accidental selection vs artificial selection
Artificial selection is when mating happens for a certain purpose
Speciation
Caused after reproduction isolation when the new species looks visually different and then eventually the two can’t breed and produce fertile offspring
Why is reproductive isolation necessary for speciation?
A new species can’t be formed until the two species can’t mate together and produce fertile offspring
