8 Hypersensitiviy

Question 1

Exaggerated or aberrant immune response to an antigen resulting in inflammation and tissue damage

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity

Question 2

3 main causes of hyper sensitivities:

Answer 2

1. Reaction to self (autoimmunity)
2. Reactions against microbes
3. Reactions against environmental antigens

Question 3

Type I Hypersensitivity:

1. General Response
2. Pathological Immune Mechanisms
3. Mechanisms of Tissue Injury/Disease

Answer 3

1. Immediate, allergy, atopy
2. IgE antibody production (sensitization), Th2 cells
3. Mast cells, eosinophils, and their mediators

Question 4

_____ are powerful inducers of bronchoconstriction and increased vascular permeability

Answer 4

Leukotrienes

Question 5

Most common _____ signs and symptoms are coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. This condition is triggered by airborne allergens, respiratory infections, physical activity, pollutants, cold air.

Answer 5

Asthma

Question 6

Asthma treatment strategies include:
____ - most effective long-term control med. Daily preventative.

____- cause bronchodilation by acting on beta-adrenergic receptors

____- block chain reaction of airway inflammation

____ -prevents mast cell degranulation

Answer 6

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists

Leukotrienes inhibitors

Cromolyn

Question 7

Type II Hypersensitivity:

1. General Response
2. Pathological Immune Mechanisms
3. Mechanisms of Tissue Injury/Disease

Answer 7

1. Antibody dependent cytotoxicity
2. IgM, IgG against cell surface / extracellular matrix antigens
3. Opsonization and phagocytosis complement and FcR- mediated immune recruitment

Question 8

Systemic anaphylaxis, Acute urticaria, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, and food allergies are all examples of Type ____ hypersensitivity

Answer 8

I

Question 9

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease of the newborn, Graves’ disease, and myasthenia gravis are all examples of type ___ hypersensitivity

Answer 9

II

Question 10

Type III Hypersensitivity:

1. General Response
2. Pathological Immune Mechanisms
3. Mechanisms of Tissue Injury/Disease

Answer 10

1. Immune complex-mediated
2. Immune complexes (Ag-Ab complexes) of circulating antigens and IgM or IgG, mast cell activation, macrophages release TNF-alpha and IL-1, complement activation
3. Complement and FcR-mediated immune recruitment

Question 11

Type IV Hypersensitivity:

1. General Response
2. Pathological Immune Mechanisms
3. Mechanisms of Tissue Injury/Disease

Answer 11

1. T cell-mediated
2. Th1 and Th17; Cytotoxic T cells
3. Cytokine-mediated inflammation; direct target cell killing, cytokine-mediated inflammation

Question 12

Systemic lupus erythematosus, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, and serum sickness are all diseases caused by Type ___ Hypersensitivity

Answer 12

III

Question 13

Tuberculin type Hypersensitivity, contact dermatitis (poison ivy, tattoo), chronic asthma, celiac disease, graft rejection are all examples of Type ___ hypersensitivity

Answer 13

IV

Question 14

Remember your ABC’s of Hypersensitivity types

Answer 14

Type I: Allergy (Atopy and Anaphylaxis)
Type II: antiBody
Type III: immune Complex
Type IV: Delayed (DTH)