7 Transplants

Question 1

List the 3 ways that alloreactive T cells lead to graft rejection:

Answer 1

1. Hyperacute Rejection
2. Acute Rejection
3. Chronic Rejection

Question 2

Hyperacute Rejection is characterized by ____ formation (and eventual occlussion of the graft blood vessel)

Answer 2

Thrombosis

Question 3

Acute Rejection is where alloreactive T cells become activated to produce _____ which causes killing of cells, antibody production, and lymphocyte activation.

Answer 3

Cytokines

Question 4

Chronic Graft Rejection is where a graft survives for 6 months or more and eventually develops ____ to restrict blood flow to the area.

Answer 4

Blood vessel thickening

Question 5

Although prevention of graft rejection is the best treatment, describe what immunosuppression drugs generally suppress for graft rejection:

Answer 5

IL-2
CD3
CD28

Question 6

Treatment for hematology all disease (cancer, immunodeficiency, etc.) to restore immune system destroyed by radiation chemotherapy

Answer 6

Bone Marrow Transplant

Question 7

While normal immune rejection can occur with bone marrow transplant, there is also the risk of _____

Answer 7

Graft Versus Host Disease (graft attacks host)

Question 8

The primary reasons for morbidity and mortality involves the _____

Answer 8

Immune response

Question 9

Cells or tissue that is being transplanted

Answer 9

Graft

Question 10

Transplanting a cell or tissue to the same anatomical site

Answer 10

Orthotopic

Question 11

Transplanting a cell or tissue to a different anatomical site

Answer 11

Heterotopic

Question 12

Transfer of circulating cells from one individual to another

Answer 12

Transfusion

Question 13

Graft transplanted from one individual to the same individual

Answer 13

Autologous graft

Question 14

Graft transplanted between two genetically identical (or very similar) individuals

Answer 14

Syngeneic Graft

Question 15

Graft between two genetically different individuals

Answer 15

Allogeneic Graft

Question 16

Immune cells react to allogeneic grafts

Answer 16

Alloreactive

Question 17

If the ____ does not match, T cells will recognize the graft as foreign

Answer 17

MHC molecule

Question 18

___ macrophages can suppress tumors/kill tumor cells

___ macrophages can enhance tumors

Answer 18

M1

M2

Question 19

____ (cytokine) leads to M1 macrophage activation.

____, ____, ____ leads to M2 macrophage activation

Answer 19

IFN-gamma

IL-4, IL-13, IL-10

Question 20

The principal mechanism of tumor immunity is killing of tumor cells by ____. However evidence suggests they are most effective against DNA virus-induced tumors

Answer 20

CD8 (Cytotoxic T lymphocytes)

Question 21

People with chronic ____ are at an increased risk of developing cancer. This is because cytokines can lead to ____ (increased cell proliferation) which can lead to ____ (abnormal cell development).

Answer 21

Inflammation

Hyperplasia

Dysplasia

Question 22

2 potentially important factors of CD4 T cell involvement in cancer are:

Answer 22

1. They help activate CD8 T cells

2. They produce Th1 cytokines to lead to classical (M1) macrophage activation