4 Adaptive Immune Response

Question 1

CD4 cells produce cytokines that stimulate _____ differentiation. CD4 cells provide co-stimulation needed for activation of _____ cells.

Answer 1

CTL

CD8

Question 2

CD40L on the CD4 T cell binds to CD40, which increases the ability of the APC to present ____ and activate ____ cells.

Answer 2

Ag

CD8

Question 3

Upon activation, naive CD8 cells differentiate into ____. These develop membrane bound granules that contain performing and granzyme. They can secrete cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha

Answer 3

CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)

Question 4

APC’s present the microbial peptide in context of MHCI. APC’s provide costimulation via ___.

Answer 4

B7

Question 5

CTLs kill targets that express the same ____ that triggered the proliferation and differentiation of naive CD8 cells to become CTLs.

Answer 5

Class I associated antigen

Question 6

Mechanism of CTL mediated lysis of target cells is same mechanisms as NK cells. ____ helps ___ get into the cell to induce apoptosis.

Answer 6

Perforin

Granzyme

Question 7

CD4 cells produce ___ to activate Macrophages. They also produce ___ to provide co-stimulation for CD8 cell activation and to enhance APC activity.

Answer 7

IFN-gamma

Cytokines

Question 8

Homeostatic cytokines (IL-7, IL-15) promote long-lived memory cells.
Central Memory T cells reside in _____.
Effector Memory T cells reside in ____.

Answer 8

Lymph Nodes

Peripheral Tissue

Question 9

B cell exposure to microbes can result in changes in ____ and ____

Answer 9

Phenotype

Function

Question 10

Soluble antigen activates B cells by cross linking of ____.

Answer 10

IgM (immunoglobulin receptor)

Question 11

B cell expresses ____ to bind to ____ on T helper cell.

Answer 11

CD40

CD40 ligand

Question 12

The most prevalent antibody isotype in the mouth is ___

Answer 12

IgA

Question 13

Organisms whose virulence has been artificially reduced.

Answer 13

Live Attenuated Organisms (vaccines)

Question 14

Closely related organism of lesser virulence which shares many antigens with virulent organism.

Answer 14

Heterologous vaccines

Question 15

Using genetic engineering, a gene coding for an immunogenicity protein from one organisms is place in the genome of another.

Answer 15

Live Recombinant vaccines

Question 16

Live Vaccine attributes:

Answer 16

1. Good immune response
2. Safety- danger of reversion (don’t use in immunocompromised)
3. Stability- need to keep temp stable
4. Inexpensive

Question 17

Made when safe live vaccines have not been developed or when reversion to wild type is common. Inactivated with beta-propiolactone or formaldehyde. Safe.

Answer 17

Killed Vaccines

Question 18

Use a purified preparation of a microbial protein as a vaccine.

Answer 18

Subcellular Fractions (inactivated vaccine)

Question 19

Immunogenic proteins of virulent organisms may be synthesized artificially by introducing gene coding for the protein into an expression vector (E-coli, yeasts). Hep B vaccine only current example.

Answer 19

Recombinant Protiens (Inactivated vaccine)

Question 20

Killed vaccine attributes:

Answer 20

1. Poor immune response (mainly antibody; poor cell mediated immunity; short-term)
2. Safety- inactivated. Local reactions possible
3. Stability- not a problem
4. Expensive