8. Human Microbiome Flashcards
Definition and types of microbes
Tiny living organisms
Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses
Definition of microbiome
Collectively, all the microbes in the human body
Definition of biofilm
A community of microbes that live together on a surface (regional microbiome)
How resident flora is acquired (2)
From delivery
From feeding
Benefits of normal flora (5)
Synthesise and excrete vitamins Prevent colonisation by pathogens May antagonise other bacteria Stimulate development of certain tissues Stimulate production of cross-reactive antibodies
A healthy microbial community is essential; mice raised in a germ-free environmental display (5)
Decreased nutrient absorption Less developed intestines Vitamin deficiency Underdeveloped immune systems Heightened sensitivity to pathogens
What oral features prevent may microbiological species from growing (4)
Saliva
pH
Temperature
Immune system
Bacteria in clogged pores (3)
P. acnes
S. epidermis
S. aureus
Major barriers for microbes entering the gut (5)
Low pH Saliva and bile Immune system Finding a place to attach to the intestinal wall Surviving a widely varied diet
Major barriers for microbes in the gut (2)
Gut flora performs regular tests of digestion, vitamin production, etc.
Gene transfer between myriad of species in the gut can generate new combinations of drug-resistant superbugs
Role of antibiotics
Kill infectious bacteria but can also disrupt natural flora and can result in yeast infections and digestive problems
What can gut flora modify
Some drugs (chemotherapeutics) during metabolism, causing many side effects (upset stomach)
