4. Dental Relevance of HIV Flashcards
Definition of HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Definition of AIDS (4)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Defined as the presence of one of 25 conditions indicative of severe immunosuppression
HIV infection of an individual with a CD4+ count of <200 cells per cubic millimetre of blood
End point of an infection that is continuous, progressive and pathogenic
Treatment of HIV (2)
ART
HAART
Clinical features of AIDS (3)
Acute primary infection (seroconversion, glandular fever-like illness)
Symptomless (latent period)
Symptomatic stage (ARC, AIDS)
Definition of ARC
AIDS related complex
Types of lesions seen in HIV infection (3)
Group 1 - strongly associated
Group 2 - less commonly associated
Group 3 - seen in HIV infection
Types of group 1 lesions (5)
Candidosis (erythematous, pseudomembranous)
Hairy leucoplakia
NHL
Periodontal disease (linear gingiva erythema, NUG, NUP)
Parotid enlargement
Key stages in HIV replicative cycle (5)
HIV releases contents into target cell
Reverse transcriptase copies viral RNA into DNA
Viral DNA is inserted into cellular DNA
Many copies of viral RNA and proteins are made
New viral particles assemble and bud from cell, potentially killing it
Sources of HIV (5)
Saliva Blood Semen Vaginal secretions Breast milk
HIV transmission (4)
Sexual
Parenterally (infected blood/blood products)
Needle sharing (drug users)
In utero from mother to child (perinatally or via breast milk)
Lab diagnosis of HIV (4)
Serology
Viral culture
Viral antigen (p24)
Viral nucleic acid
AIDS management (4)
Treat opportunistic infections
Treat Kaposi sarcoma and other malignancies
ART
Supportive medicine
HIV management (3)
Direct viral (PCR)
Direct sequencing
Viral load quantification (detection of viral RNA)
Viral drug resistance
HAART involves (3)
Binding/fusion of inhibitors Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nucleoside analogs, non-nucleoside analogs)
Protease inhibitors
