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BDS2 BAMS Immunology > 1. Blood Borne Viruses > Flashcards

1. Blood Borne Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

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2
Q

Types of hepatitis viruses (6)

A 
Hep A
Hep B
Hep C
Hep D
Hep E
GBV-C (formerly Hep G)
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3
Q

Transmission of Hep A

A

Faecal-oral route

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4
Q

Transmission of Hep B (3)

A

Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal

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5
Q

Transmission of Hep C (3)

A

IV drug use
Blood and blood products
Sexual

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6
Q

Transmission of Hep D

A

Blood-to-blood contact if Help B present

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7
Q

Transmission of Hep E

A

Faecal-oral route

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8
Q

Hep B particles (3)

A

Dane particle
Spherical
Filamentous

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9
Q

What is the Dane particle comprised of

A

Complete virion

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10
Q

Clinical course of acute Hep B (3)

A

Infection
Incubation period
Clearance of antigens and creation of anti-HBs after 6mths

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11
Q

Length of incubation period of Hep B

A

2-3 months

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12
Q

Definition of incubation period

A

Period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms

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13
Q

Hep B symptoms (3)

A

Usually none
Flu-like illness
Jaundice

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14
Q

Clinical course of chronic Hep B (3)

A

Infection
Incubation period
Persistence of HBsAg, no anti-HB development

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15
Q

When is HBV considered chronic

A

When an antibody to the core Ag is present, but there is no antibody to HBsAg (surface antigen)

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16
Q

Testing method for acute Hep B (2)

A

IgM anti-core - positive

HBsAg - positive/negative (still developing)

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17
Q

Testing method for chronic Hep B (3)

A

IgM anti-core - negative
HBsAg - positive
IgG anti-core - positive/negative

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18
Q

Test results if Hep B, previous infection (3)

A

IgG anticore - positive
HBsAb - positive/negative
Negative for other markers

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19
Q

Test results if Hep B vaccinated (2)

A

HBsAb - positive

Negative for other markers

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20
Q

Reasons for HBV vaccine (3)

A

Some countries as part of childhood vaccination
HCWs who perform exposure prone procedures
Highly immunogenic

21
Q

When is post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) not required for HBV

A

For those who had a successful response to the vaccine

22
Q

Definition of prophylaxis

A

Treatment given or action taken to prevent disease

23
Q

Treatment for unvaccinated HBV exposure (2)

A

HBIG x1 (initiated Hep B vaccine series)

24
Q

Treatment for vaccinated non-responder for HBV exposure (2)

A

HBIG x1

Vaccine booster

25
Q

HBV treatment

A

Antiviral drugs
Immunomodulatory agents
Oral nucleoside analogues
Nucleotide analogues

26
Q

What is a marker of a highly infectious disease/individual

A

HBeAg

Creation of antibodies against HBsAg leads to immunity when anti-HBeAg is present

27
Q

Clinical course of HCV infection (2)

A

Infection

Incubation period

28
Q

HCV incubation period

A

Up to 26wks (mean is 6-12wks)

29
Q

HCV symptoms (2)

A

Symptomless
Non-specific symptoms
Jaundice

30
Q

HCV testing methods (4)

A

Anti-HCV test (detects antibodies presence)
HCV-RNA test (identifies virus in blood)
Viral load/quantitative HCV test (measures viral particles in peripheral blood)
Vital genotyping (type of HCV present)

31
Q

HCV recovery (3)

A

Less likely than from HBV
Chronic infection more likely
No vaccine currently available

32
Q

HCV treatment (2)

A

Direct acting antiviral agents

Protease inhibitors

33
Q

Composition of HIV (2)

A

Single-stranded RNA

Envelope composed of lipid and viral proteins

34
Q

Survival of HIV (3)

A

Does not survive long outside human (host)
Cannot reproduce outside human host
Easily killed by heat

35
Q

HIV transmission (7)

A 
Blood/blood products transfusion
IV drug user needle sharing
Needle stick injuries
Male homo/heterosexual contact
Intrauterine
Childbirth
Breast milk
36
Q

Clinical course of HIV disease (3)

A

HIV destroys CD4 cells (central to immune response initiation)
Acute seroconversion illness has an incubation period of 1mth and resembles mild glandular fever
End point is AIDS

37
Q

Common pattern of HIV disease progression (3)

A

Primary infection
Prolonged (mean 10yrs) period of clinical latency
Appearance of clinically apparent disease

38
Q

Definition of AIDS

A

The presence of one or more indicator conditions in association with HIV

39
Q

Examples of AIDS indicator diseases (4)

A

Lymphoma
TB
Pneumonia
Kaposi sarcoma

40
Q

HIV testing (2)

A 
ELISA test (antibody detection)
Blood test
41
Q

HIV treatment (3)

A

Anti-retroviral drugs/therapy
NRTIs/NNRTIs (non/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
Combination - HAART (highly active ART)

42
Q

HBV structure

A

Partially double stranded DNA virus

43
Q

HCV structure

A

Single stranded RNA virus

44
Q

HIV structure

A

Single stranded RNA virus

45
Q

HBV/HCV/HIV vaccination (3)

A

HBV - yes
HCV - no
HIV - no

46
Q

HBV/HCV/HIV primary method of spread (3)

A

HBV - unprotected sex
HCV - IV drug use
HIV - unprotected sex

47
Q

HBV/HCV/HIV sharps injury transmission (3)

A

HBV - 1/3
HCV - 1/30
HIV - 1/300

48
Q

HBV/HCV/HIV PEP (3)

A

HBV - yes
HCV - no
HIV - yes

49
Q

HBV/HCV/HIV most infective

BDS2 BAMS Immunology (10 decks)

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