8- Endocrine Pharmacology

Question 1

Insulin release increased by ?

Answer 1

Glucose
Sulfonylureas
M agonists
Beta2 agonists

Question 2

Insulin release decreased by ?

Answer 2

Alpha2 agonists

Question 3

Insulin analog with no peak ?

Answer 3

Glargine

Question 4

Second generation sulfonylureas ?

Answer 4

Glipizide

Glyburide

Question 5

Sitagliptin MOA ?

Answer 5

Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) which inactivate GLP-1

Question 6

Canagliflozin MOA ?

Answer 6

Inhibits SGLT-2 in the proximal tubule —> increasing glucose excretion in the urine

Question 7

Pramlinitide MOA ?

Answer 7

Synthetic version of amylin that slows the rate at which food is absorbed from the intestine , decreases glucose production , decreases appetite

Question 8

Mifepristone MOA ?

Answer 8

Blocks glucocorticoid and progestin receptors

Question 9

Adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitors ?

Answer 9

Metyrapone ( blocks 11-hydroxylation )

Ketoconazole

Question 10

Anastrazole MOA ? Use ?

Answer 10

Aromatase inhibitor —> decrease estrogen synthesis

Estrogen dependent postmenopausal breast cancer

Question 11

Clomiphene MOA ?

Answer 11

Decrease feedback inhibition of estrogen —> increase FSH and LH —> increase ovulation

Question 12

Progestin drugs ? Side effects ?

Answer 12

Medroxyprogesterone
Norethindrone
Desogestrel

Increased HDL and LDL 
Glucose intolerance 
Breakthrough bleeding 
Androgenic effects ( hirsutism, acne ) 
Weight gain and depression

Question 13

The progestin antagonist ? Use ?

Answer 13

Mifepristone

Used as abortifacient with PGs

Question 14

Side effects of androgens ?

Answer 14

Premature closure of the epiphysis
Cholestatic jaundice
Aggression
Dependence

Question 15

Proteolytic release of T3 and T4 from thyroglobulin is inhibited by ?

Answer 15

High doses of iodide

Question 16

Most commonly used drug for hyperthyroidism ?

Answer 16

I131

Question 17

Uses pf Octreotide ?

Answer 17

Acromegaly

Carcinoid and secretory GI tumors

Question 18

ACTH pharmacologic agent ? Uses ?

Answer 18

Cosyntropin

Infantile spasms

Question 19

FSH synthetic form ?

Answer 19

Urofollitropin

Question 20

FSH and LH drug ?

Answer 20

Menotropins

Question 21

Prolactin inhibiting hormone analog ?

Answer 21

Cabergoline

Question 22

Desmopressin uses ?

Answer 22

1- neurogenic diabetes insipidus
2- hemophilia A ( increase factor Vlll from liver )
3- von willebrand disease ( increase vW factor from endothelium )
4- primary nocturnal enuresis

Question 23

SIADH ttt ?

Answer 23

Demeclocycline 
Tolvaptan ( block V2 receptors in the collecting duct ) 
Loop diuretics 
Salt tables 
Fluid restriction

Question 24

Bisphosphonates MOA ? Uses ? Side effects ?

Answer 24

Stabilizes hydroxyapatitie bone structureand also induce osteoblasts to secret osteoclast inhibitors

Paget disease
Postmenopausal osteoporosis
Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis

Bone mineralization defects
GIT distress
Esophageal ulcers

Question 25

Recombinant DNA PTH analog ? Use ?

Answer 25

Teriparatide

Once daily to stimulate osteoblasts and new bone formation