8 Digestive System

Question 1

bolus

Answer 1

a small mass of chewed food

Question 2

peristalsis

Answer 2

involuntary waves of muscle contraction that move food through the digestive system

Question 3

chyme

Answer 3

mixture of enzymes and partially-digested food in the stomach and intestines

Question 4

small intestine

Answer 4

absorbs nutrients; it is the longest portion of the alimentary canal

Question 5

large intestine

Answer 5

absorbs water

Question 6

epiglottis

Answer 6

a flap of cartilage that folds down to cover the trachea while swallowing

Question 7

accessory organs of the digestive system

Answer 7

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 8

liver

Answer 8

produces bile which aids in the digestion of fats

Question 9

gallbladder

Answer 9

stores bile

Question 10

pancreas

Answer 10

produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Question 11

regions of the small intestine

Answer 11

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 12

parts of the large intestine

Answer 12

cecum, colon, appendix, rectum, anal canal

Question 13

GERD

Answer 13

a chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus causing heartburn

Question 14

bile

Answer 14

produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; it contains bile salts that emulsify (break down) fats

Question 15

saliva

Answer 15

digestive juice produced by salivary glands; it lubricates the oral cavity and contains enzymes that begin the chemical digestion of food

Question 16

duodenum

Answer 16

first portion of the small intestine, where absorption of nutrients begins

Question 17

cardiac sphincter

Answer 17

opening from the esophagus to the stomach

Question 18

pyloric sphincter

Answer 18

opening from the stomach into the duodenum

Question 19

intestinal obstruction

Answer 19

food or stool cannot move through the intestines due to a complete or partial blockage

Question 20

jaundice

Answer 20

yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood

Question 21

Crohn’s disease

Answer 21

one of the inflammatory bowel diseases, it causes chronic inflammation of the digestive system

Question 22

gastroenteritis

Answer 22

inflammation of the lining of the intestines, the “stomach flu”

Question 23

peptic ulcer

Answer 23

a sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum that causes burning pain

Question 24

hemorrhoids

Answer 24

swollen and inflamed veins in the anus or lower rectum

Question 25

gallstones

Answer 25

substances in bile harden and form a solid material that blocks the flow of bile through the bile ducts

Question 26

pancreatitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 27

irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 27

affects the large intestine and causes cramping, bloating, and a change in bowel habits

Question 28

digestion begins in the

Answer 28

mouth

Question 29

hepatitis

Answer 29

inflammation of the liver

Question 30

ulcerative colitis

Answer 30

chronic inflammation and sores in the lining of the colon and rectum, it is one of the inflammatory bowel diseases

Question 31

PP

Answer 31

postprandial (relating to the time after lunch or dinner)

Question 32

BRAT

Answer 32

bananas, rice, applesauce, toast diet

Question 33

O & P

Answer 33

ova and parasites (a test run on feces to look for parasites)

Question 34

BMR

Answer 34

basal metabolic rate

Question 35

RDA

Answer 35

recommended daily allowance

Question 36

BMP or CMP

Answer 36

basic or comprehensive metabolic panel (a lab test on blood)

Question 37

E. coli

Answer 37

escherichia coli

Question 38

H. pylori

Answer 38

helicobacter pylori