11 Nervous System

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

spinal and cranial nerves

Question 3

function of the nervous system

Answer 3

receives sensory information and coordinates the body’s response

Question 4

neuron

Answer 4

nerve cell

Question 5

myelin sheath

Answer 5

covers the axon of some neurons to increase conduction speed

Question 6

neurotransmitters

Answer 6

chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another

Question 7

ventricle

Answer 7

cavity in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 8

produced in the choroid plexuses on the ventricle walls; it circulates through the brain and spinal cord, absorbing impact and exchanging nutrients and wastes with the bloodstream

Question 9

blood-brain barrier

Answer 9

capillary walls form a barrier that prevents harmful substances from entering brain tissue

Question 10

brain stem

Answer 10

made of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata; it controls involuntary functions of the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems

Question 11

cerebellum

Answer 11

manages balance and posture

Question 12

cerebrum

Answer 12

the region of the brain responsible for higher intellectual functions and conscious thought

Question 13

left hemisphere

Answer 13

controls the right side of the body, typically responsible for language and calculation

Question 14

right hemisphere

Answer 14

controls the left side of the body, typically responsible for visual, emotional, and artistic awareness

Question 15

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 15

occurs when a blood vessel in the brain breaks and bleeds

Question 16

aphasia

Answer 16

most often caused by a stroke, the inability to speak or comprehend written or spoken words

Question 17

dementia

Answer 17

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, often accompanied by personality changes

Question 18

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 18

a progressive movement disorder caused when the brain doesn’t produce enough dopamine, symptoms include trembling, stiffness, and slowness of movement

Question 19

epilepsy

Answer 19

a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurring episodes of seizures

Question 20

traumatic brain injury

Answer 20

a blow to the head or penetrating head injury causes damage to the brain

Question 21

migraine

Answer 21

throbbing or pulsing pain, often on one side of the head, affects more women than men

Question 22

concussion

Answer 22

a minor form of brain injury common in sports, symptoms often start days or weeks after the injury

Question 23

fainting

Answer 23

a temporary loss of consciousness, usually related to a sudden drop in blood pressure

Question 24

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 24

the most common form of dementia, it causes thought, memory, and language problems

Question 25

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 25

a disease that attacks neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing muscle problems that gradually progress to an inability to move

Question 26

Huntington’s disease

Answer 26

an inherited (genetic) disease that causes nerve cells to waste away; symptoms include uncontrolled movements, clumsiness, and balance problems

Question 27

transient ischemic attack

Answer 27

a stroke that comes and goes quickly when blood supply to part of the brain stops briefly

Question 28

TENS

Answer 28

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Question 29

BAL

Answer 29

blood alcohol level

Question 30

ADHD

Answer 30

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 31

GTT

Answer 31

glucose tolerance test

Question 32

Hgb A1C

Answer 32

hemoglobin A1C

Question 33

CLIA

Answer 33

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (the law about quality laboratory standards)