10 Urinary System

Question 1

stretch receptors

Answer 1

located in the wall of the bladder, they trigger the micturition reflex

Question 2

urinary tract infection

Answer 2

an infection of the urinary tract causing a fever, pain or burning with urination, cloudy urine, and an urge to urinate often

Question 3

chronic kidney disease

Answer 3

often caused by diabetes or high blood pressure, the kidneys become damaged and don’t filter as they should, causing waste to build up in the body

Question 4

BPH

Answer 4

called either benign prostatic hypertrophy or hyperplasia, this common condition in aging men is an enlarged prostate, causing difficulty urinating

Question 5

average adult urine output

Answer 5

1.4 liters per day

Question 6

urine

Answer 6

95% water and 5% waste products from body processes

Question 7

urine pathway

Answer 7

kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 8

nephron

Answer 8

the functional unit of the kidney, it processes plasma to form urine; each kidney contains over a million nephrons

Question 9

urethral sphincters

Answer 9

provide muscle control for the flow of urine, maintaining urinary continence

Question 10

peristalsis

Answer 10

involuntary contractions of smooth muscle that move urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Question 11

stress incontinence

Answer 11

the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

Question 12

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 12

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, it eventually causes kidney failure

Question 13

incontinence

Answer 13

inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces

Question 14

renal cortex

Answer 14

outer layer of the kidney

Question 15

renal medulla

Answer 15

inner region of the kidney

Question 16

female urethra

Answer 16

approximately 1.5 inches long, conveys only urine

Question 17

male urethra

Answer 17

approximately 8 inches long, transports both urine and semen

Question 18

male bladder

Answer 18

anterior to the rectum and superior to the prostate gland

Question 19

female bladder

Answer 19

anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus

Question 20

nephrolith

Answer 20

a kidney stone, made when crystallized mineral and acid salts stick together

Question 21

kidney cyst

Answer 21

a fluid-filled sac in the kidney

Question 22

cystolith

Answer 22

a stone located within the urinary bladder

Question 23

ureterolith

Answer 23

a stone located in a ureter

Question 24

urethrolith

Answer 24

a stone located in the urethra

Question 25

renal pyramids

Answer 25

triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney

Question 26

renal pelvis

Answer 26

funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

Question 27

ureter

Answer 27

tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 28

urethra

Answer 28

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 29

glomerular filtration

Answer 29

the first step in urine formation

Question 30

reabsorption

Answer 30

renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream, the second step in urine formation

Question 31

secretion

Answer 31

additional waste products pass into the renal tubule, the last step in urine formation

Question 32

C/S

Answer 32

culture and sensitivity (used to diagnose and treat a urinary tract infection)

Question 33

SG

Answer 33

specific gravity (how concentrated urine is)

Question 34

GFR

Answer 34

glomerular filtration rate (test for kidney function)

Question 35

PSA

Answer 35

prostatic specific antigen (a blood test for prostate cancer)

Question 36

DRE

Answer 36

digital rectal examination

Question 37

GC/CT

Answer 37

gonorrhea and chlamydia (lab test for both)

Question 38

PID

Answer 38

pelvic inflammatory disease