8 Cerebellum Flashcards by Jake Evans

What is the origin of the cerebellum

rhombic lip- between alar and basal plate at level of pontine fissure

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The cerebellum is a derivative of the CNS, but what makes it different?

its concern with motor function while most of CNS is sensory in nature

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What is the development time period of the cerebellum?

3 weeks of gestation to 20 months post natal—[vulnerable to broad spectrum of disorders]

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What is the unusual feature of cell migration found in the cerebellum?

migration of granule cells in rhombic lip… go transversely then dive and migrate medially deep to Purkinje fibers

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What is the fraction of cerebellum weight compared to cerebrum?

1/10—unfolded surface area is about 40% of cerebrum

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What are the 3 anatomic lobes of the cerebellum sagittal plane?

anterior, posterior, floculonodular

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What are the 3 anatomic lobes of the transverse plane?

vermis, paravermis, hemispheres

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What cerebellar anatomic lobe is functional as the vestibule-cerebellum and maintains body equilibrium and eye movements? what is its phylogenetic label?

flocculonodular lobe

archi-cerebellum

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What cerebellar anatomic lobe is in charge of the spinocerebellum and muscle tone and execution of trunk and limb movements? what is it phylogenetic label?

Vermis and paravermis

paleo-cerebellum

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What cerebellar anatomic lobe is in charge of cerebro-cerebellum planning, initiation and timing of movements? what is its phylogenetic label?

Lateral hemispheres

neo-cerebellum

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What is the somatotopic organization of the cerebellum?

tunk in midline and extremeties laterally placed

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Midline lesion to cerebellum leads to?

truncal ataxia

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Paravermis lesion to the cerebellum leads to?

extremity ataxia

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Where do all signals leaving the cerebellum originate? exception?

deep cell nuclei [within white matter…small subset of purkinje cells is the exception]

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What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

molecular layer, purkinje cell layer, and granule cell layer

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what layer of the cerebellar cortex is made of processes of granule cells and purkinje cells, and contains stellate and basket inhibitory

molecular layer

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T-F—purkinje cells are large with dendritic arbor in one layer that is perpendicular to dendritic arbor in adjacent layer?

False—parallel

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T-F—granule cell parallel fibers run parallel to the purkinje dendritic arbors?

false—perpendicular [telephone wires]

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What is the only cell that sends a projection out of the cerebellar cortex? what do these projection neurons do?

purkinje

- end inhibitory output to deep cell nuclei

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What is the most numerous neuron in the brain?

granule cells- 70% of CNS neurons

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What cells have T shaped axons called parallel fibers and form 200 thousand synapses with purkinje cell dendrites?

Granule cells

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What cells in the cerebellum granule layer are much larger than granule cells and are inhibitory neurons?

golgi cells

Where do climbing fibers of the cerebellum circuitry originate? and what do they connect to and excite?

originate contralateral inferior olive

excite deep cell nuclei and a SINGLE purkinje cell

What fibers in the cerebellar circuitry originate in multiple nuclei outside the cerebellum [contralateral pontine, spinocerebellar and vestibular tracts], connect to and excite deep cell nuclei and about 20 granule cells?

mossy fibers

T-F---deep cell nuclei integrate excitatory input from climbing/mossy fibers with excitatory input from purkinje cells and fire accordingly?

false---inhibitory input from purkinje

What cerebellar input originates in secondary neurons of the ipsilateral dorsal horn and conveys unconscious proprioceptive info from legs and trunk? where does it enter

- dorsal spinocerebellar tract | - inferior cerebellar peduncle

What cerebellar input origniates in the accessory cuneate nucleus, secondary neurons for unconscious proprioception from arms and head? where does it enter?

cuneocerebellar tract inferior cerebellar peduncle

What cerebellar input is a double cross system, and enters cerebellum via superior cerebellar peduncle

ventral spinocerebellar tract [function unclear]

Where does the vestibular system enter the cerebellum?

juxtarestiform body adjacent to the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Where does input to the cerebellum from the cerebral cortex come from?

pontine nuclei and inferior olive

T-F---there does not exist reciprocal connection between the hypothalamus and the cerebellum?

false---complex reciprocal do exist

What are the 3 main routes to the cerebellum?

inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncle

What do the deep cerebellar nuclei project cerebellar output to [4]?

vestibular nuclei brainstem reticular nuclei red nucleus thalamus

What are the 4 main motor function of the cerebellum?

1. error detection and correction of cortically originating movement. 2. Motor Learning 3. Initiation of movement 4. sensory-motor integration

When is there increased firing of purkinje cells?

during learning of a new motor task

Deep cerebellar nuclei fire simultaneously with _____________ neurons prior to movement?

pyramidal cortical

What are the non-motor functions the cerebellum is involved in?

autonomic behavior cognition/memory

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?

balance and eye movement

What is the function of the vermis and paravermis?

motor control

What is the function of the lateral hemispheres lobe?

higher order functions. | cognition in hemispheres, and limbic function in vermis

What is the motor function of the archicerebellum?

equilibrium and posture

What is the non-motor function of the archicerebellum?

autonomic responses emotion sexuality affectively important memory

What is the motor function of the neocerebllum?

coordination

What is the non-motor function of the neocerebellum?

planning memory language learning

anterior lobe of the cerebellum is supplied by what artery?

superior cerebellar artery

What artery is the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

What is the blood supply of the ventral part of the anterior and posterior lobes and the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

All cerebellar syndromes cause what types of signs?

ipsilateral

What syndrome can result from medulloblastoma upon vermis and include truncal ataxia and nystagmus?

midline cerebellum syndrome

What syndrome---limb ataxia, dysmetria, dyssynergia, adiadochokinesia, tremor volitional, hypotonia, dysarthria, nystagmus?

cerebellum hemispher syndrome

What developmental defect--agenesis of vermis, cyst of IVth ventricle, hydrocephalus?

dandy walker malformation

What developmental defect-- cerebellum vermis herniates through foramen magnum?

chiari malformation

What developmental defect--reduced connectivity to anterior cerebellum may underlie delayed acquisition of gestures for communication and socialization?

autism