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Neuro Unit 2 > 8 Cerebellum > Flashcards

8 Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the cerebellum

A

rhombic lip- between alar and basal plate at level of pontine fissure

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2
Q

The cerebellum is a derivative of the CNS, but what makes it different?

A

its concern with motor function while most of CNS is sensory in nature

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3
Q

What is the development time period of the cerebellum?

A

3 weeks of gestation to 20 months post natal—[vulnerable to broad spectrum of disorders]

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4
Q

What is the unusual feature of cell migration found in the cerebellum?

A

migration of granule cells in rhombic lip… go transversely then dive and migrate medially deep to Purkinje fibers

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5
Q

What is the fraction of cerebellum weight compared to cerebrum?

A

1/10—unfolded surface area is about 40% of cerebrum

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6
Q

What are the 3 anatomic lobes of the cerebellum sagittal plane?

A

anterior, posterior, floculonodular

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7
Q

What are the 3 anatomic lobes of the transverse plane?

A

vermis, paravermis, hemispheres

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8
Q

What cerebellar anatomic lobe is functional as the vestibule-cerebellum and maintains body equilibrium and eye movements? what is its phylogenetic label?

A

flocculonodular lobe

archi-cerebellum

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9
Q

What cerebellar anatomic lobe is in charge of the spinocerebellum and muscle tone and execution of trunk and limb movements? what is it phylogenetic label?

A

Vermis and paravermis

paleo-cerebellum

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10
Q

What cerebellar anatomic lobe is in charge of cerebro-cerebellum planning, initiation and timing of movements? what is its phylogenetic label?

A

Lateral hemispheres

neo-cerebellum

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11
Q

What is the somatotopic organization of the cerebellum?

A

tunk in midline and extremeties laterally placed

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12
Q

Midline lesion to cerebellum leads to?

A

truncal ataxia

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13
Q

Paravermis lesion to the cerebellum leads to?

A

extremity ataxia

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14
Q

Where do all signals leaving the cerebellum originate? exception?

A

deep cell nuclei [within white matter…small subset of purkinje cells is the exception]

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

molecular layer, purkinje cell layer, and granule cell layer

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16
Q

what layer of the cerebellar cortex is made of processes of granule cells and purkinje cells, and contains stellate and basket inhibitory

A

molecular layer

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17
Q

T-F—purkinje cells are large with dendritic arbor in one layer that is perpendicular to dendritic arbor in adjacent layer?

A

False—parallel

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18
Q

T-F—granule cell parallel fibers run parallel to the purkinje dendritic arbors?

A

false—perpendicular [telephone wires]

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19
Q

What is the only cell that sends a projection out of the cerebellar cortex? what do these projection neurons do?

A

purkinje

- end inhibitory output to deep cell nuclei

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20
Q

What is the most numerous neuron in the brain?

A

granule cells- 70% of CNS neurons

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21
Q

What cells have T shaped axons called parallel fibers and form 200 thousand synapses with purkinje cell dendrites?

A

Granule cells

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22
Q

What cells in the cerebellum granule layer are much larger than granule cells and are inhibitory neurons?

A

golgi cells

23
Q

Where do climbing fibers of the cerebellum circuitry originate? and what do they connect to and excite?

A

originate contralateral inferior olive

excite deep cell nuclei and a SINGLE purkinje cell

24
Q

What fibers in the cerebellar circuitry originate in multiple nuclei outside the cerebellum [contralateral pontine, spinocerebellar and vestibular tracts], connect to and excite deep cell nuclei and about 20 granule cells?

A

mossy fibers

25
Q

T-F—deep cell nuclei integrate excitatory input from climbing/mossy fibers with excitatory input from purkinje cells and fire accordingly?

A

false—inhibitory input from purkinje

26
Q

What cerebellar input originates in secondary neurons of the ipsilateral dorsal horn and conveys unconscious proprioceptive info from legs and trunk? where does it enter

A
  • dorsal spinocerebellar tract

- inferior cerebellar peduncle

27
Q

What cerebellar input origniates in the accessory cuneate nucleus, secondary neurons for unconscious proprioception from arms and head? where does it enter?

A

cuneocerebellar tract

inferior cerebellar peduncle

28
Q

What cerebellar input is a double cross system, and enters cerebellum via superior cerebellar peduncle

A

ventral spinocerebellar tract [function unclear]

29
Q

Where does the vestibular system enter the cerebellum?

A

juxtarestiform body adjacent to the inferior cerebellar peduncle

30
Q

Where does input to the cerebellum from the cerebral cortex come from?

A

pontine nuclei and inferior olive

31
Q

T-F—there does not exist reciprocal connection between the hypothalamus and the cerebellum?

A

false—complex reciprocal do exist

32
Q

What are the 3 main routes to the cerebellum?

A

inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncle

33
Q

What do the deep cerebellar nuclei project cerebellar output to [4]?

A

vestibular nuclei
brainstem reticular nuclei
red nucleus
thalamus

34
Q

What are the 4 main motor function of the cerebellum?

A
  1. error detection and correction of cortically originating movement.
  2. Motor Learning
  3. Initiation of movement
  4. sensory-motor integration
35
Q

When is there increased firing of purkinje cells?

A

during learning of a new motor task

36
Q

Deep cerebellar nuclei fire simultaneously with _____________ neurons prior to movement?

A

pyramidal cortical

37
Q

What are the non-motor functions the cerebellum is involved in?

A

autonomic
behavior
cognition/memory

38
Q

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?

A

balance and eye movement

39
Q

What is the function of the vermis and paravermis?

A

motor control

40
Q

What is the function of the lateral hemispheres lobe?

A

higher order functions.

cognition in hemispheres, and limbic function in vermis

41
Q

What is the motor function of the archicerebellum?

A

equilibrium and posture

42
Q

What is the non-motor function of the archicerebellum?

A

autonomic responses
emotion
sexuality
affectively important memory

43
Q

What is the motor function of the neocerebllum?

A

coordination

44
Q

What is the non-motor function of the neocerebellum?

A

planning
memory
language
learning

45
Q

anterior lobe of the cerebellum is supplied by what artery?

A

superior cerebellar artery

46
Q

What artery is the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

47
Q

What is the blood supply of the ventral part of the anterior and posterior lobes and the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

48
Q

All cerebellar syndromes cause what types of signs?

A

ipsilateral

49
Q

What syndrome can result from medulloblastoma upon vermis and include truncal ataxia and nystagmus?

A

midline cerebellum syndrome

50
Q

What syndrome—limb ataxia, dysmetria, dyssynergia, adiadochokinesia, tremor volitional, hypotonia, dysarthria, nystagmus?

A

cerebellum hemispher syndrome

51
Q

What developmental defect–agenesis of vermis, cyst of IVth ventricle, hydrocephalus?

A

dandy walker malformation

52
Q

What developmental defect– cerebellum vermis herniates through foramen magnum?

A

chiari malformation

53
Q

What developmental defect–reduced connectivity to anterior cerebellum may underlie delayed acquisition of gestures for communication and socialization?

A

autism

Neuro Unit 2 (12 decks)

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