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Neuro Unit 2 > 1 Brainstem Overview > Flashcards

1 Brainstem Overview Flashcards

1
Q

The medulla, pons, and midbrain make up what?

A

brainstem

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2
Q

What developmental plate is sensory?

A

Alar plate

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3
Q

What developmental plate is motor?

A

basal plate

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4
Q

What structures does the rhombencephalon contain?

A

medulla and pons (two structures make a rhomboid in the back)

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5
Q

What major gene generates segmentation in the developing brain?

A

Hox

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6
Q

What is the first sign o regionalization in the CNS?

A

appearance of primary brain vesicles (prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombocephalon)

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7
Q

What determines the rostral caudal location of motor cranial nerve nuclei?

A

Rhombomeres

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8
Q

What demarcates the dorsoventral pattern of the developing neural tube separating the mantle layer?

A

sulcus limitans

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9
Q

What are the 3 zones in the developing neural tube?

A

ependymal, mantle (gray), marginal (white)

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10
Q

Does alar plate or basal plate contain sensory nuclei?

A

alar plate

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11
Q

Is the GSA or GVA more dorsal?

A

GSA

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12
Q

What nerve type represents pain, temperature, touch, proprioception, from skin and deep tissues?

A

GSA

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13
Q

What nerve type represents sensory information from organs including nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, specialized receptor structures?

A

GVA

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14
Q

What nerve type represents innervation of most skeletal muscle?

A

GSE

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15
Q

What nerve type represents paraSNA/SNA pre- and postganglionic neurons, secretomotor, vasomotor, cardiomotor, smooth muscle, glands, adrenal medulla??

A

GVE

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16
Q

What 3 things does a branchial archs give rise to?

A

skeletal structure, related muscle group, cranial nerve

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17
Q

What head muscles are innervated by CNs but not from a branchial arch?

A

tongue and eye muscles (GSE control)

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18
Q

Muscle and nerve from Arch 3?

A

stylopharyngeus CNIX

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19
Q

Muscle and nerve from Arch 4?

A

cricothyroid X (external laryngeal)

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20
Q

Muscle and nerve from Arch 1?

A

mm. of mastication CNV

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21
Q

Muscle and nerve from arch 2?

A

mm of facial expression CNVII

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22
Q

Muscle and nerve from arch 6?

A

intrinsic larygeal muscles CNX

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23
Q

What type of nerve category represents the muscles of mastication, facial expression, middle ear, palatal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal?

A

special visceral efferents (SVE)

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24
Q

What doe the SVA do?

A

TASTE- CN VII, IX, X

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25
Q

T-F- all sensory from CNV is GSA?

A

True

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26
Q

where do taste nerves from CN VII end?

A

nucleus of the solitary tract

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27
Q

What CN is associated with SSA?

A

CNVIII

28
Q

Which neural category migrates ventrally and then laterally?

A

SVE

29
Q

What kind of nerve fibers represent motor to muscles derived from branchial arches?

A

SVE

30
Q

What brainstem nuclei (GSE) exist for skeletal muscle of non-branchial origin?

A

Oculomotor (Rostral)
Trochlear
Abducens
Hypoglossal (Caudal)

31
Q

What brainstem structure houses the hypoglossal nucleus?

A

medulla

32
Q

What motor nucleus to the eye is housed in the pons?

A

VI

33
Q

What motor nuclei for eye is found in the midbrain?

A

IV and III

34
Q

what portion of the brainstem must be injured for damage of nerves innervating motor and the tongue?

A

midline of the brainstem

35
Q

What cranial nerves are found in the nucleus ambiguous?

A

IX and X (medulla)

36
Q

Where is spinal accessory nucleus found?

A

ventral gray (medulla and upper cervical spine segments)

37
Q

Does the nucleus ambiguous have a SVE and a GVE component?

A

yes

38
Q

What region of the brainstem houses the facial nucleus and motor nucleus of CN V?

A

PONS

39
Q

What innervates the stapedius?

A

CN VII

40
Q

What innervates anterior digastric? Posterior?

A

CNV, CNVII

41
Q

What innervates the tensor tympani and tensor veil palatini

A

CNV

42
Q

Lesions of what area of brainstem usually affect branchiomotor nuclei?

A

lateral brainstem

43
Q

Where is the dorsal motor nucleus found? What nerve fiber type?

A

Medulla, GVE

44
Q

What CN is the inferior salivatory nucleus? Where is it located? Innervates what?

A

IX, Medulla, Parotid gland

45
Q

What CN is the superior salivatory nucleus?

A

VII, —>chorda tympani—> lingual branch CNV—> submandibular ganglion —-> salivary glands

46
Q

What CN is Edinger westfal nucleus? What do they innervate?

A

III, pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle

47
Q

Do postganglionic sympathetic fibers ever come from brainstem nuclei?

A

no—although all CN have them, they go through cervical ganglion first

48
Q

What is the external formation of nucleus ambiguous?

A

GVE of CN X destined to innervate cardiac ganglia

49
Q

What brainstem nucleus provides input to the pterygopalatine ganglion and induces cerebral vasodilation?

A

superior salivatory nucleus

50
Q

What receives all GVA and SVA terminations from VII, IX, and X?

A

NTS (nucleus tractus solitaris)

51
Q

Caudal part of NTS GVA receives sensory information from what?

A

thoracic and abdominal viscera via X,

carotid sinus and body via IX

52
Q

Rostral part of NTS SVA receives sensory from what?

A

taste buds via VII and IX

53
Q

What do the SVA and GVA neurons also send branches to the nucleus ambiguous and dorsal motor nucleus for?

A

autonomic reflexes

54
Q

What is the only nucleus with 1st order afferent neurons in CNS? What does it carry?

A

mesencephalic nucleus, conscious and unconscious proprioception info from mastication and periodontal ligaments.

55
Q

What is the termination site of all Cranial Nerve GSA afferents?

A

trigeminal sensory complex

56
Q

What receives pain, temp, and crude touch info from the head, face, nasal and oral cavities and the ear? where is it located?

A

spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, medulla

57
Q

what receives touch and pressure information from head, face, and oral cavity (solely V)? where is it?

A

main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal, pons

58
Q

Where is the cochlear and vestibular nuclei located?

A

far dorsolateral surface of the medulla and pons

59
Q

T-F—The lateral and superior vestibular nuclei is found in the medulla?

A

False, It is located in pons (dorsal and ventral, and medial and inferior are located in medulla)

60
Q

Lesions affection the dorsolateral pons and medulla usually affect what?

A

GSA and SSA

61
Q

T-F—lesions damaging descending systems cannot affect CNs arising at lower levels?

A

false

62
Q

T-F—lesions of brainstem usually produce ipsilateral cranial nerve signs and ipsilateral body signs?

A

False-contralateral body signs

63
Q

T-F— more dorsal lesions tend to produce CN signs with ipsilateral body sensory loss?

A

False- contralateral body sensory loss

64
Q

T-F— Ventral lesions tend to produce CN signs with contralateral body motor loss?

A

True

65
Q

T-F— cranial nerve fibers pass through only one vascular zone so can only be affected by stokes at the respective nucleus?

A

False—multiple vascular zone and can be affected some way away from respective nucleus.

Neuro Unit 2 (12 decks)

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