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5 Midbrain Flashcards

1
Q

Is the inferior or superior colliculi involved in auditory pathways?

A

inferior

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2
Q

T-F the tegmentum is found between the substantia nigra and the basis pedunculi?

A

False–substantia nigra is between the other two

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3
Q

What section of the midbrain is parkinson’s disease involved in?

A

Substantia nigra

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4
Q

lesions involving the midbrain usually lead to signs and symptoms involving what?

A

eye movements and/or pupillary reflexes

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5
Q

T-F–the midbrain is the largest component of the brainstem?

A

False–it is the smallest

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6
Q

In the midbrain the basis pontis becomes the ?

A

basis pedunculi

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7
Q

What does the basis pedunculi consist of ?

A

Corticofugal tracts–White matter tracts from the brain to many parts of the lower CNS and body.

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8
Q

In the midbrain, the pontine tegmentum becomes what?

A

midbrain tegmentum- CN nuclei, periaqueductal grey and major ascending/descending tracts

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9
Q

In the midbrain, the superior medullary velum becomes?

A

tectum-

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10
Q

What does the tectum include?

A

superior and inferior colliculi

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11
Q

What does the 4th ventricle become in the midbrain?

A

cerebral aqueduct

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12
Q

What constitutes the crus or legs of the brain?

A

base of the cerebral peduncles

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13
Q

The depression between the two peduncles is called what?

A

interpeduncular fossa

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14
Q

What 2 CN GSE nuclei are in the midbrain?

A

IV and III

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15
Q

What GVE nucleus is in the midbrain?

A

Edinger-westphal

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16
Q

What GSA nucleus is in the midbrain?

A

mesencephalic n. of V

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17
Q

What does the mesencephalic n. of the V receive?

A

nonconcious (some conscious) proprioceptive signals from the face and head

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18
Q

What are the two large motor related areas in the midbrain?

A

red nucleus and substantial nigra

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19
Q

What part of the midbrain mediates reflex postural movements of the head in response to visual and auditory stimuli?

A

superior colliculus

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20
Q

What 3 structures primarily make up the caudal portion of midbrain?

A
  • inferior colliculus
    -trochlear nerve
    -superior cerebellar peduncle
    [mesencephalic n of V begins]
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21
Q

What is the obligatory relay in transmitting auditory information from lower relay nuclei in the auditory pathway.

A

inferior colliculus

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22
Q

T-F the trochlear nucleus is found in the tegmentum at the level of the inferior colliculus?

A

True

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23
Q

The trochlear nucleus axons run where?

A
  • dorsolaterally and caudally
  • superior medullar velum
  • cross midline and emerge dorsal surface just caudal to inferior colliculi
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24
Q

T-F– the right trochlear nerve gives rise to the left trochlear nerve.

A

True

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25
Only muscle to depress eye while looking at the nose?
superior oblique
26
What do patients present with when they have trochlear nerve damage?
pathetic appearance | -tilt head towards non lesioned side and chin tuck (looking up slightly helps the extorsion)
27
What is the output bundle of the cerebellum?
superior cerebellar peduncle
28
What does the superior cerebellar peduncle contain? where does it lead?
efferent fibers from deep nuclei of the cerebellum projecting to the ventro lateral nucleus thalamus
29
What often accompanies midbrain segmental syndromes?
cerebellar signs such as a coarse tremor on movement
30
What is the primary proprioceptive info to the mesencephalic n. of V?
muscles of mastication | [also periodontal ligament and facial/tongue muscles
31
T-F--the neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus are primary afferent neurons that ended up in the midbrain?
true
32
T-F-- there are many classical synapses in the mesencephalic nucleus?
False- communication is by electrical impulses
33
Where does the mesencephalic nucleus send axons?
supratrigeminal nucleus between the motor nucleus and main sensory nucleus
34
What is the major output target of the mesencephalic nucleus?
motor nucleus of V
35
UMN signs resulting from damage to corticobulbar inputs to Motor nucleus of V cause what?
exaggerated jaw-jerk reflex (usually can't find when normal)
36
Which direction do oculomotor fibers pass in the midbrain?
ventrally through the tegmentum
37
T-F---oculomotor nuclei has GSE and GVE components?
True
38
What is the GVE component of the oculomotor nuclei?
edinger westphal-constricor pupillae and ciliary muscle
39
What does the eye do in 3rd nerve palsy??
down and out - ipsilateral lateral strabismus - depression - ipsilateral ptosis - ipsilateral mydriasis - loss of direct and consensual pupillary light reflex in ipsilateral eye
40
T-f---vertical conjugate gaze is controlled by neurons in the rostral midbrain
True- vertical conjugate gaze center
41
Lesions of the rostral dorsal medbrain can lead to what in the eyes?
paralysis of vertical gaze (usually upwards)(Parinaud's syndrome)
42
Branches coming off of the optic tract before the lateral geniculate body enter the rostral midbrain and synapse on what?
pretectal nucleus (rostral to superior colliculus)
43
Where do pretectal nuclei end axons?
to the ipsilateral and contralateral edinger westphal nuclei
44
Where do axons from pretectal to contralateral edinger westphal cross?
posterior commissure
45
The outer layers of the superior colliculi receive input from where?
retina and cerebral cortex
46
The deep layers of the inferior colliculi receive input from where?
inferior colliculus spinal nucleus of V spinal cord
47
Outputs of the superior colliculus extend to where?
ventromedially around the PAG to cross dorsal tegmentum and descend via tectospinal tract
48
What are the names of the fibers from the superior colliculus to the oculomotor nuclei?
tecto-bulbar fibers
49
slow tectospinal reflex leads to what?
turn head and eyes toward stimuus
50
fast tectospinal reflex leads to what?
turn the head away from stimulus
51
What is involved in producing saccadic eye movements?
superior colliculus
52
What are the two sub-divisions of the substantial nigra?
pars compacta and pars reticulata
53
What portion of the substantia nigra is adjacent to the tegmentum and contains mostly dopamine synthesizing neurons?
pars compacta
54
What portion of the substatia nigra is adjacent to the crus cerebra and contains GABA neurons, continuation of globes pallid us?
pars reticulata
55
Are GABA inhibitory?
yes
56
what portion of substantia nigra is important for basal ganglia
pars compacta
57
Degeneration of what is found in parkinsons?
pars compacta of substantia nigra
58
In most mammals, what is the red nucleus good for?
generating gait
59
What is the major output of the red nucleus in humans?
rubro-olivary tract to the inferior olive
60
What is the best known component of the endogenous analgesia system?
periaqueductal gray
61
What is deeply involved in stereotypic adaptive behaviors and reproductive behaviors? what is the driving force?
ventral periaqueductal gray---PAIN seems to be driving force
62
What is an important cluster of neurons in the midbrain tegmentum and upper pons that is critical for sleep/wake, attention and consciousness?
mesencephalic reticular formation
63
What are the cell groups identified by in the mesencephalic reticular formation?
their specific neurotransmitters
64
What does the mesopontine cholinergic cells of the mesencephalic reticular formation innervate? what activity is it associated with?
thalamus | forced attention and consciousness
65
The midline midbrain of mesencephalic nucleus contains what types of neurons? what activity is its main function?
serotonin | improve signal to noise ratio
66
What type of neuron give the black appearance of the substantia nigra?
dopamin containing neurons of the mesencephalic reticular formations
67
What synthesize dopamine for the basal ganglia?
pars compacta
68
What area is involved in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system?
ventral tegmental area
69
What does the ventral segmental area produce dopamine for?
reward circuitry of the brain
70
Midline necrosis of the midbrain leads to ?
coma (uncal herniation and compression leads to paramedic necrosis)
71
What syndrome--3rd nerve palsy on ipsilateral side and contralateral UMN paralysis? where is the damage to?
Weber's syndrome--- lesion involving basal midbrain
72
What syndrome-- ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy, contralateral tremor, contralateral hemianesthesia? what is it caused by?
Benedikt's Syndrome---lesions involving midbrain tegmentum

Neuro Unit 2 (12 decks)

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