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23 Growth and Development > 8 - Basic Cephalometrics > Flashcards

8 - Basic Cephalometrics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the assessment of craniofacial dimensions utilizing standardized landmarks

A

cepahlometrics

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2
Q

what is drawn using cephalometric landmarks

A

landmark lines, angles, and planes

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3
Q

T/F: Profile convexity or concavity results from a disproportion in the size of the jaws

A

TRUE

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4
Q

can you determine which jaw is causing facial disharmony just by determining facial profile?

A

NO!

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5
Q

Convex profile indicates Class ___ jaw relationship which can result from a maxilla that projects to far or a mandible too far back

A

Class II

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6
Q

Concave profile indicates Class ___ jaw relationship which can result from a maxilla that is too far back or a mandible that protrudes too far forward

A

Class III

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7
Q

purpose of cephalometrics

A
  1. Study craniofacial growth
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Planning orthodontic treatment
  4. Evaluation of orthodontic treatment during or after case completion
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8
Q

X-ray tube should be __ inches from mid-sagittal plane of patient

A

60 inches

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9
Q

Film/sensor should be ___ inches from mid-sagittal plane of patient

A

7.5 inches

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10
Q

how to do traditional lateral ceph tracing

A

radiographic film, light box, and acetate paper

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11
Q

how to do contemporary lateral ceph tracing

A

Digital radiographic image captured, and software systems used to plot points, planes, measure angles etc.

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12
Q

what is the midpoint of the hypophyseal fossa (ovoid area of the spheroid bone that contains the pituitary gland)

A

Sella turcica

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13
Q

what is the external junction of the nasofrontal suture in the median plane

A

nasion

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14
Q

what is the most inferior point on the external border of the orbit

A

orbitale

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15
Q

what is the most superior point on the articular head of the condyle

A

condylion

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16
Q

what is the most anterior projection of the anterior nasal spine of the maxilla in the median plane

A

anterior nasal spine

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17
Q

what is the deepest point of the curvature of the anterior maxilla between the anterior nasal spine and the alveolar crest

A

subspinale

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18
Q

what is the deepest point of the curvature of the anterior maxilla between the anterior nasal spine and the alveolar crest

A

supramentale

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19
Q

what is the most anterior point on the midsagittal mandibular symphysis

A

pagonion

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20
Q

what is the most inferior point of the mandibular symphysis

A

menton

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21
Q

what is constructed point that is formed by the intersection of the facial and mandibular planes

A

gnathion

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22
Q

what is the constructed point that is formed by the intersection of the lines of tangent to the posterior margin of the ascending ramus and the mandibular plane

A

gonion

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23
Q

what is the most superior point of the external auditory meatus (top of metal ring of left ear cephalostat rod)

A

porion

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24
Q

what is the most inferior posterior point on the occipital bone that corresponds to the anterior margin of foramen magnum

A

basion

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25
Q

what is the tip of the posterior spine of the palatine bone

A

posterior nasal spine

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26
Q

A

A

sella turcica

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27
Q

B

A

Porion

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28
Q

C

A

condylion

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29
Q

F

A

orbitale

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30
Q

G

A

basion

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31
Q

J

A

posterior nasal spine

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32
Q

K

A

anterior nasal spine

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33
Q

L

A

A point: subspinale

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34
Q

M

A

gonion

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35
Q

N

A

B point: supramentale

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36
Q

O

A

pagnion

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37
Q

P

A

gnathion

38
Q

Q

A

menton

39
Q

what is plane constructed by line from porion (Po) to orbitale (O) (basic horizontal plane of the head)

A

frankfort horizontal

40
Q

what is plane constructed by line from nasion (N) to pagonion (Pg)

A

facial plane

41
Q

what represents the anterior-posterior extent of the anterior cranial base

A

sella-nasion plane

42
Q

what is line extending through the anterior and posterior nasal spine (ANS-PNS)

A

palatal plane

43
Q

what is line separating the maxillary and mandibular molars and extending through the contact of the most anterior maxillary and mandibular incisors

A

occlusal plane

44
Q

what is line of tangent along the inferior border of the mandible

A

mandibular plane

45
Q

A

A

SN

46
Q

B

A

FH

47
Q

C

A

PP

48
Q

D

A

OP

49
Q

E

A

MP

50
Q

what is angle between sella-nasion line and nasion–A point line

A

SNA

51
Q

what is angle between sella-nasion line and nasion-B point line

A

SNB

52
Q

what is the difference between SNA and SNB angles

A

ANB

53
Q

what is angle formed between the nasion–pagonion line and the Frankfort horizontal plane

A

facial plane angle

54
Q

what is angle formed between the mandibular plane – and the Frankfort horizontal plane

A

mandibular plane angle (FMA)

55
Q

what is angle between sella-nasion line and incisor long axis

A

maxillary incisor angulation

56
Q

what is horizontal distance from facial surface of maxillary central incisor to the nasion-A point line

A

maxillary incisor AP position

57
Q

what is angle between mandibular plane and long axis of inciso

A

mandibular incisor angulation

58
Q

horizontal distance from tip of mandibular incisor to the A point- Pagonion line

A

mandibular incisor AP position

59
Q

what is angle between sella-nasion line and nasion–A point line

A

SNA

60
Q

clinical norm and clinical deviation of SNA

A

Clinical norm: approximately 82˚
Clinical deviation 2˚

61
Q

what does SNA interpret

A

Establishes horizontal location of the maxilla relative to the cranial base. High numbers may indicate maxillary prognathism. Lower numbers may indicate maxillary retrognathism

Other variables influence interpretation such as age and ethnicity

62
Q

angle between sella-nasion line and nasion-B point line

A

SNB

63
Q

clinical norm and deviation of SNB

A

Clinical norm: approximately 80˚
Clinical deviation 2˚

64
Q

how to interpret SNB

A

Establishes horizontal location of the mandible relative to the cranial base. High numbers may indicate mandibular prognathism. Lower numbers may indicate mandibular retrognathism

Other variables influence interpretation such as age and ethnicity

65
Q

what is the difference between SNA and SNB angles

A

ANB

66
Q

clinical norm and deviation of ANB

A

Clinical norm: approximately 2˚
Clinical deviation 2˚

67
Q

how to interpret ANB

A

Indicates the horizontal relationship between the maxilla and mandible. Positive values greater than 4˚ is indicative of a skeletal Class II pattern. Values less than 0˚ indicative of a skeletal Class III pattern

Other variables influence interpretation such as age and ethnicity

68
Q

what is angle formed between the nasion – pagonion line and the Frankfort horizontal plane

A

facial plane angle

69
Q

how to interpret facial plane angle

A

locates the horizontal position of the chin and determines if the skeletal profile is retrognathic or prognathic

Other variables influence interpretation such as age and ethnicity

70
Q

clinical norm and deviation and type of mandible angles of facial plane angle

A

Clinical norm: approximately 89˚
Clinical deviation 3˚
Greater than 90˚ indicates prognathic mandible
Less than 90˚ indicates retrognathic mandible

71
Q

what is angle formed between the mandibular plane – and the Frankfort horizontal plane

A

mandibular plane angle

72
Q

clinical norm and deviation and type of groth pattern for mandibular plane angle

A

Clinical norm: approximately 26’
Clinical deviation 4°
Greater than 31° indicates dolichofacial (long face) growth pattern
Less than 21® indicates brachyfacial (short face) growth pattern

73
Q

what is angle between sella-nasion line and incisor long

A

maxillary incisor angulation

74
Q

clinical norm and deviation of maxillary incisor angulation

A

Clinical norm: approximately 102
Clinical deviation 3°

75
Q

how to interpret maxillary incisor angulation

A

relates the upper incisor angulation to the upper and middle face. Values greater than 105˚ indicate incisor protrusion, values less than 99˚ indicate incisor retrusion

76
Q

what is horizontal distance from facial surface of maxillary central incisor to the nasion-A point line

A

maxillary incisor AP position

77
Q

clinical norm and deviation of max incisor AP position

A

Clinical norm: approximately 4 mm
Clinical deviation 2mm

78
Q

how to interpret maxillary insicor AP position

A

Interpretation: Indicates horizontal position of the maxillary
incisors. Values greater than 6 mm indicate anterior dental
protrusion, values less than 1mm indicate dental retrusion
Other variables influence interpretation such as age
and
ethnicity

79
Q

what is angle between mandibular plane and long axis of incisor

A

mandibular incisor angulation

80
Q

clinical norm and deviation of mandibular incisor angulation

A

Clinical norm: approximately 90˚ Clinical deviation 4˚

81
Q

how to interpret mandibular incisor angulation

A

Gives an evaluation of the angular position of the incisor to the mandibular basal bone. Values greater than 94˚ indicate incisor protrusion, values less than 86˚ indicate incisor retrusion

82
Q

what is the horizontal distance from tip of mandibular incisor to the A point-Pagonion line

A

mandibular incisor AP position

83
Q

clinical norm and deviation of mandibular incisor AP position

A

Clinical norm: approximately 2 mm
Clinical deviation 2.3mm

84
Q

interpretation of mandibular incisor AP position

A

Defines the anterior-posterior position of the mandibular dental unit. Values greater than 4.5 mm indicate mandibular dental protrusion, values less than 0mm indicate mandibular dental retrusion
Other variables influence interpretation such as age and ethnicity

85
Q

what is The angle formed by the intersection of the lines of tangent to the columella of the nose and the upper lip

A

nasolabial angle

86
Q

what does the nasolabial angle interpret

A

Provides an assessment of the nose to upper lip relationship

87
Q

clinical norm and deviations of nasolabial angle

A

Clinical norm: approximately 90-110˚ Greater than 114˚ may indicate upper lip retrusion Less than 96˚ may be associated with dental protrusion

88
Q

what is line connecting the tip of the nose and the most anterior point on the soft-tissue chin

A

aesthetic (E-plane)

89
Q

what is the horizontal distance between the lower lip and the aesthetic plane

A

lip protrusion

90
Q

interpretation of aesthetic plane and lip protrusion

A

Indicates soft-tissue balance between the lips and profile

91
Q

clinical norm and deviation of aethetic plane and lip protrusion

A

Clinical norm: approximately -2mm @ 8.5 years old, -5 mm @ adulthood
Clinical deviation 2 mm

23 Growth and Development (11 decks)

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