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23 Growth and Development > 10 - Development and Developmental Disturbances of the Teeth Part 2 > Flashcards

10 - Development and Developmental Disturbances of the Teeth Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what tooth anomalies of initiation result in agenesis of teeth

A

anodontia
oligodontia
hypodontia
congenitally missing tooth/teeth

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2
Q

what is anodontia

A

complete failure of teeth to develop (failure of initiation)

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3
Q

what is oligodontia

A

only a few teeth develop (failure of initiation)

only have a few

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4
Q

what is hypodontia

A

agenesis of some teeth (failure of initiation)

only missing a few

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5
Q

what is congenitally missing tooth/teeth

A

agenesis of tooth or “pair/group” of teeth (failure of initiation)

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6
Q

do females or males have a higher prevalence of congenitally missing tooth/teeth

A

females > males

accentuated in review

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7
Q

what is the primary dentition prevalence of congenitally missing tooth/teeth? permanent (excluding 3rd molars)?

A

primary <1%
permanent 1.5-10%

accentuated in review

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8
Q

what is the frequency of congenitally missing tooth/teeth in permanents by tooth?

A

3rd molars (20%)
mand 2nd premolar (3.4%)
max lateral incisor (2.2%)
max second premolar (.85%)

accentuated in review

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9
Q

__________ is a term used to describe too many or “extra” teeth

A

hyperdontia

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10
Q

T/F primary teeth are 5x more common than permanent teeth to have hyperdontia

A

false (permanent 5x more common)

per review: 95% in max esp. in anterior region

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11
Q

________ is a term given to extra tooth located in the midline of the arch

A

mesiodens

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12
Q

_________ is a term used if the extra tooth has normal morphology whereas _______ is a term used if extra tooth is conical, tuberculate (barrel shaped), or other abnormal morphology

A

supplemental supernumerary tooth, rudimentary supernumerary tooth

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13
Q

what is an odontoma?

A

odontogenic tumor resulting from abnormal proliferation of the cells of the enamel organ

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14
Q

what is complex odontoma vs compound odontoma?

A

complex: unorganized amorphous mass of calcified tooth tissue
compound: organized into multiple small tooth like granules

accentuated in review to know difference

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15
Q

___________ is a term to describe a tooth that is smaller than a normal tooth

A

MICROdontia

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16
Q

___________ is a term used to describe a tooth that is larger than a normal tooth

A

MACROdontia

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17
Q

what is the order of teeth most likely to get microdontia?

A

max laterals > 2nd premolar > 3rd molars

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18
Q

what is the order of teeth most likely to get macrodontia

A

incisors > canines

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19
Q

what are the conditions and syndromes associated with microdontia

A
  1. ectodermal dysplasia
  2. chondroectodermal dysplasia
  3. hemifacial microsomia
  4. down syndrome
  5. crouzon syndrome
  6. pituitary dwarfism
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20
Q

what are the conditions and syndromes associated with macrodontia

A
  1. hemifacial hyperplasia
  2. crouzon syndrome
  3. otodental syndrome
  4. XYY syndrome
  5. pituitary gigantism
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21
Q

what is the prevalence of gemination for both primary and permanent?

A

primary: 1.5%
permanent: 0.5%

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22
Q

what’s the prevalence of fusion?

A

0.5% and more common in primary dentition

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23
Q

difference between fusion and gemination?

A

gemination: normal count is normal when enlarged tooth is counted as one

fusion: count is less than normal when enlarged tooth is counted as one

accentuated in review

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24
Q

difference between fusion and concrescence?

A

fusion: dental union of two embryologically developing teeth with two separate pulp chambers (may sometimes have fused canals)

Concrescence: fusion that occurs after root formation is complete

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25
Q

prevalence of dens in dente?

A

0.3-10%

accentuated on the review

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26
Q

what tooth is most common to have dens in dente?

A

max lateral incisor

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27
Q

clinical significance of dens in dente?

A

carious involvement via communication b/w oral environment and invaginated portion

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28
Q

what tooth anomaly is also known as talon cusp(s)

A

dens evaginatus

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29
Q

prevalence of dens evaginatus

A

1-8%

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29
Q

most common tooth to get dens evaginatus

A

max lateral incisor

accentuated in review; also that it is uncommon in primary dentition

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29
Q

what happens in taurodontism

A

the body of the tooth and pulp chamber is enlarged vertically at the expense of the roots; the floor of pulp and furcation of the tooth is moved apically down the root

Morphodifferentiation anomaly (per review know morpho vs histodiff.)

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29
Q

prevalence of taurodontism

A

~3%

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30
Q

which tooth is most likely to be affected with taurodontism?

A

permanent molars

31
Q

what morphodifferentiation anomaly is characterized by abnormal curvature of roots?

(per review know morpho vs histodiff.)

A

dilaceration

32
Q

how does dilaceration happen?

A

trauma to primary dentition especially intrusion, supernumerary teeth, or idiopathic developmental disturbance

33
Q

what is amelogenesis imperfecta

A

heritable enamel defect: multiple inheritance patterns

histodifferentiation anomaly (per review know morpho vs histodiff.)

34
Q

how do you treat amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

depends on severity and demands of aesthetics; full coverage for more severe cases; questionable bond strength to enamel

35
Q

what are the 4 major types of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)?

A

AI Type I (hypoplastic)
AI type II (hypomaturation)
AI type III (hypocalcified)
AI type IV (hypoplastic/hypomaturation w/ or w/o taurodontism)

36
Q

how might the teeth look if they have dentinogenesis imperfecta: shields type I?

A

amber translucencies

37
Q

dentinogenesis imperfecta: shields type I is more common on _________?

A

primary teeth (vs permanent)

review accentuated rapid attrition for this histodifferentiation anomaly

38
Q

what histodifferentiation anomaly?
a dental manifestation of type 1 collagen defect

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta: shields type I (could be the other subtypes but specifically listed on the type I)

39
Q

what’s another name for dentinogenesis imperfecta: shields type II?

A

hereditary opalescent dentin

40
Q

T/F dentinogenesis imperfecta: shields type II only will accur with osteogenesis imperfecta

A

False, will occur alone not in combo

41
Q

will primary or permanent dentition be more affected with dentinogenesis imperfecta: shields type II?

A

they will be equally affected

42
Q

When will we see dentinogenesis imperfecta: shields type III?

A

only seen in Brandywine tri-racial isolate population (southern Maryland)

43
Q

how do the teeth look in dentinogenesis imperfecta: shields type III?

A

opalescent hue, bell shaped crowns, shell teeth with short roots and enlarged pulp chambers

44
Q

how can someone get enamel hypoplasia?

A

environmentally induced (e.g. vitamin deficiency, tetracycline staining, fluorosis, radiation, etc)

genetic etiologies (e.g. amelogenesis imperfecta)

45
Q

what tooth anomalies apposition?
cells of epitheial rooth sheath may remain attached to dentin; these cells may differentiate into ameloblasts

A

enamel pearls

46
Q

what anomaly is also known as ghost teeth?

A

regional odontodysplasia

47
Q

in regional odontodysplasia there is a localized arrest in ____________

A

tooth development

48
Q

what will have a clinical presentation of thin enamel with diffuse shell-like appearance, large pulps, little dentin, with failure of eruption

A

regional odontodysplasia

49
Q

with hypophosphatasia there is a lack of ______________

A

serum alkaline phosphatase

50
Q

is hypophosphatasia autosomal dominant or recessive?

A

both

51
Q

if a pt presents with premature loss of primary teeth with little or no resorption the first thought you have should be ________________

A

hypophosphatasia

52
Q

what will cause enamel hypomineralization?

A

same as enamel hypoplasia

environmentally induced (e.g. vitamin deficiency, tetracycline staining, fluorosis, radiation, etc)

genetic etiologies (e.g. amelogenesis imperfecta)

problem with quality not quantity

53
Q

T/F enamel hypomineralization is a problem of tooth hardness (mineralization) and not enamel thickness (or quantity)

A

true

54
Q

prevalence of enamel hypomineralization

A

4-25%

55
Q

what happens during tooth development for enamel fluorosis to happen?

A

excessive fluoride ingestion (systemic); first 8 years of life most critical

56
Q

what is the issue with severe cases of fluorosis?

A

the enamel becomes more porous, and hypoplasia may be noted with the teeth becoming weakened and prone to caries or fracture

57
Q

what are the 7 levels of Dean’s Index?

A
  1. no fluorosis
  2. very mild fluorosis - central incisors with minimal white striations near incisal edge
  3. mild fluorosis - central incisors with white striations near incisal edge
  4. mild fluorosis - central incisors with white striations affect majority of facial surface
  5. moderate fluorosis - central incisors with orange-brown stain
  6. severe fluorosis - central incisors with orange-brown pitted enamel
58
Q

what developmental disturbance will result in a severe green discoloration of the dentin?

A

hyperbilirubinemia from accumulation of bile pigment

59
Q

what color does porphyria turn the teeth?

A

brown to purple

60
Q

what developmental disturbance will result in incremental lines and become darker after exposure to light?

A

tetracycline therapy

61
Q

T/F the enamel is more stained than dentin in tetracycline therapy

A

False

62
Q

with cystic fibrosis there is ________ incidence of tooth staining and enamel defects, and ________ caries risk

A

High, low

63
Q

what bacteria is assoc. with green extrinsic discoloration

A

bacillus pyocaneus, aspergillis

64
Q

what bacteria is assoc. with orange extrinsic discoloration

A

serratia marcescens, flavobacterium lutescens (poor oral hygiene typically easy to remove)

65
Q

is bacteria that cause brown/black extrinsic discoloration easy or difficult to remove?

A

difficult

66
Q

what color will chlorhexidine stain the teeth?

A

brown

67
Q

what color will iron sulfide stain the teeth?

A

black

68
Q

what color will tobacco stain the teeth?

A

dark brown to yellow

69
Q

what color will maurijuana stain the teeth?

A

gray, green

70
Q

if a baby is born with teeth those teeth are described as _____________

A

natal teeth

accentuated in review

71
Q

if a baby has eruption of teeth b/w birth and the 1st month of life it’s described as _____________

A

neonatal teeth

accentuated in review

72
Q

natal and neonatal teeth can cause _____________ which is a traumatic ulcer on the ventral surface of the tongue

A

Riga Fede disease

accentuated in review

73
Q

what are examples of eruption inclusion cysts?

A
  1. epstein pearls
  2. bohn’s nodules
  3. dental lamina cyst

per review: important to know where you would see them

74
Q

where will you find Bohn nodules?

A

on the buccal or lingual aspect of the maxillary alveolar ridge (not located on or near the median palatal raphe)

75
Q

where will dental lamina cysts be located?

A

on the crest of the alveolar ridges

76
Q

what are dental lamina cysts commonly mistaken as?

A

early eruption of primary teeth

77
Q

epstein pearls occur in ~_______% of newborns

A

80

78
Q

what are epstein pearls?

A

trapped epithelial remnants

79
Q

what is the name for a dentigerous cyst occurring around the crown?

A

eruption hematoma

23 Growth and Development (11 decks)

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