3 - Growth of Maxilla, Mandible, and Cranium

Question 1

what are the sites of growth in craniofacial complex

Answer 1

1. cranial vault
2. cranial base
3. nasomaxillary complex
4. mandible

Question 2

what covers the upper and outer surface of brain

Answer 2

cranial vault

Question 3

what is the bony floor under the brain and separates the cranium and face

Answer 3

cranial base

Question 4

what consists of the nose, maxilla, and associated small bones

Answer 4

nasomaxillary complex

Question 5

what are the two types of growth

Answer 5

endochondral and intramembranous

Question 6

what is a process by which growing cartilage intermediate is systematically replaced by bone

Answer 6

endochondral

Question 7

what is a process that is a direct conversion of mesenchymal tissue into bone

Answer 7

intramembranous (no cartilaginous precursor)

Question 8

what is a determinant of growth (controlling factor)

Answer 8

endochonral and intramembranous growth

Question 9

cranial vault is made of what type of bones

Answer 9

flat bone

Question 10

flat boens are formed by what bone formation

Answer 10

intramembrenous bone formation

Question 11

what bone growth process is entirely the result of periosteal activity at the surface of the bones

Answer 11

intramembranous bone formation

Question 12

what is the cartilaginous precursor for cranial vault

Answer 12

NONE

Question 13

where does remodeling and growth occur for cranial vault

Answer 13

periosteum

Question 14

what are lined contact areas between adjacent bones known as cranial sutures

Answer 14

periosteum

Question 15

does periosteal activity change inner and outer surface of flat bones

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

after birth, apposition along the edges of ___ eliminates open spaces in the cranial vault

Answer 16

fontanelles

Question 17

do cranial vault bones remain separated by thin periosteum lined suture for many years?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

when do cranial vault sutures fuse

Answer 18

adulthood

Question 19

majority growth of cranial vaults occurs where

Answer 19

sutures

Question 20

minor contributor of cranial vault growth is tendency to be removed from ___ surface and new bone added on ___

Answer 20

removed from internal surface; added to external surface

Question 21

what bones compose the cranial base

Answer 21

occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal bones

Question 22

bones of cranial base are formed by what

Answer 22

endochondral ossification to bone

Question 23

centers of ossification in cranial base appear when

Answer 23

early in embryonic life of chondrocranium

Question 24

ossification of cranial base continues until when

Answer 24

until bands of cartilage called synchondrosis remain

Question 25

what function as a two-sided epiphyseal plate with bands of maturing cartilage cells spreading in both directions that will later be replaced by bone

Answer 25

synchondrosis

Question 26

maxilla develops via what

Answer 26

intramembranous ossification

Question 27

how does maxilla grow

Answer 27

grows by apposition of bone at sutures that connect maxilla to cranium and cranial base

Question 28

maxilla is moved forward by growth of ___ behind it

Answer 28

cranial base

Question 29

how must the maxilla grow to get out from under cranium

Answer 29

downward and forward

Question 30

up until what age is the "push forward" by cranial base important in the forward growth of maxilla

Answer 30

age 6 - failure can cause mid face deficiency

Question 31

at what age does cranial base stop growth and further downward and forward growth of maxilla is purely a result of sutural growth

Answer 31

age 7

Question 32

what what age does mid-palatal suture close

Answer 32

age 8

Question 33

does the remodeling of palatal vault move in the same direction as it is being translated

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

in maxilla, is bone removed from floor of nose and added to roof of mouth

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

what is the Expanding V Principle

Answer 35

as palatal vault moves down, it also widen

Question 36

growth of nasal bone is complete at what age

Answer 36

10

Question 37

what forms mandible? what type of formation?

Answer 37

Meckel's cartilage via intramembranous bone formation

Question 38

what two methods of growth are important for mandible

Answer 38

1. endochondral growth in condylar region 2. intramembranous growth in other areas

Question 39

does the displacement created by cranial base growth and the moved TMJ contribute to movement of mandible

Answer 39

contributes to little to no growth

Question 40

cartilage that covers the surface of mandibular condyle undergoes what growth

Answer 40

endochondral growth

Question 41

does hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and endochonral replacement and ossification occur at condylar growth site

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

what growth occurs in mandible (apart from mandibular condyle)

Answer 42

intramembranous growth - formed and grow by surface apposition and remodeling

Question 43

what is the accurate global understanding of mandibular growth?

Answer 43

mandible is translated downward and forward and grows upward and backward in response to this translation

Question 44

what is the predictable sequence of growth completion for maxilla and mandible

Answer 44

1. width completes first 2. anterior-posterior length completed second 3. vertical height is completed last

Question 45

does facial growth completely end in late teens or twenties

Answer 45

no

Question 46

growth slows greatly to a basal level after ___ but does continue

Answer 46

sexual maturity

Question 47

what is bony replacement of cartilaginous precursors

Answer 47

endochonral bone formation

Question 48

how does cranial base and condyle of mandibule form

Answer 48

endochonral bone formation

Question 49

what is less modifiable in the context of dentofacial orthopedics

Answer 49

endochonral bone formation

Question 50

what is the secretion of bone matrix without cartilaginous precursors

Answer 50

intramembranous bone formation

Question 51

how does cranial vault, facial bone (maxilla, body of mandible) form

Answer 51

intramembranous bone formation

Question 52

what is more modifable in the context of dentofacial orthopedics)

Answer 52

intramembranous bone formation

Question 53

does bone apposition occur in osteogenic areas under pressure or tension

Answer 53

areas under tension

Question 54

cranial vault formed by what

Answer 54

intramembranous ossi

Question 55

cranial base formed by what

Answer 55

endochondral ossi

Question 56

maxilla (nasomaxillary complex) formed by what

Answer 56

intramembranous ossi

Question 57

mandible formed by what

Answer 57

endochonral ossi at condyle, intramembranous ossi for body of mandible

Question 58

apposition of new bone of cranial vault where

Answer 58

sutures (periosteum lined contact areas)

Question 59

bone replacement of cranial base occurs where

Answer 59

synchondroses (Cartilage lined contact areas)

Question 60

apposition of maxilla occurs where

Answer 60

superior and posterior sutures of maxilla

Question 61

endochondral replacement of mandible occurs where

Answer 61

fibrocartilage of condyle

Question 62

remodeling on inner and outer surfaces of bones allow for changes in contour where

Answer 62

cranial vault

Question 63

what is considered the principal growth cartilage of cranial base and only one remaining during childhood growth period

Answer 63

spheno-occipital synchondroses

Question 64

where does resorption occur on maxilla

Answer 64

anterior surface

Question 65

___ growth predominates posterior border of ramus with ___ along anterior border

Answer 65

posterior: appositional growth anterior: remodeling resorption

Question 66

how does appositional growth occur on maxilla

Answer 66

back aganst cranial base with expressed downward forward movement of maxilla

Question 67

how does appositional growth occur in mandible

Answer 67

back agaisnt glenoid fossa with expressed downward and forward movement of mandible

Question 68

does cranial vault have cartilaginous precursor

Answer 68

no