3 - Growth of Maxilla, Mandible, and Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

what are the sites of growth in craniofacial complex

A
  1. cranial vault
  2. cranial base
  3. nasomaxillary complex
  4. mandible
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2
Q

what covers the upper and outer surface of brain

A

cranial vault

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3
Q

what is the bony floor under the brain and separates the cranium and face

A

cranial base

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4
Q

what consists of the nose, maxilla, and associated small bones

A

nasomaxillary complex

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5
Q

what are the two types of growth

A

endochondral and intramembranous

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6
Q

what is a process by which growing cartilage intermediate is systematically replaced by bone

A

endochondral

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7
Q

what is a process that is a direct conversion of mesenchymal tissue into bone

A

intramembranous (no cartilaginous precursor)

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8
Q

what is a determinant of growth (controlling factor)

A

endochonral and intramembranous growth

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9
Q

cranial vault is made of what type of bones

A

flat bone

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10
Q

flat boens are formed by what bone formation

A

intramembrenous bone formation

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11
Q

what bone growth process is entirely the result of periosteal activity at the surface of the bones

A

intramembranous bone formation

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12
Q

what is the cartilaginous precursor for cranial vault

A

NONE

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13
Q

where does remodeling and growth occur for cranial vault

A

periosteum

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14
Q

what are lined contact areas between adjacent bones known as cranial sutures

A

periosteum

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15
Q

does periosteal activity change inner and outer surface of flat bones

A

yes

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16
Q

after birth, apposition along the edges of ___ eliminates open spaces in the cranial vault

A

fontanelles

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17
Q

do cranial vault bones remain separated by thin periosteum lined suture for many years?

A

yes

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18
Q

when do cranial vault sutures fuse

A

adulthood

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19
Q

majority growth of cranial vaults occurs where

A

sutures

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20
Q

minor contributor of cranial vault growth is tendency to be removed from ___ surface and new bone added on ___

A

removed from internal surface; added to external surface

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21
Q

what bones compose the cranial base

A

occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal bones

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22
Q

bones of cranial base are formed by what

A

endochondral ossification to bone

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23
Q

centers of ossification in cranial base appear when

A

early in embryonic life of chondrocranium

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24
Q

ossification of cranial base continues until when

A

until bands of cartilage called synchondrosis remain

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25
what function as a two-sided epiphyseal plate with bands of maturing cartilage cells spreading in both directions that will later be replaced by bone
synchondrosis
26
maxilla develops via what
intramembranous ossification
27
how does maxilla grow
grows by apposition of bone at sutures that connect maxilla to cranium and cranial base
28
maxilla is moved forward by growth of ___ behind it
cranial base
29
how must the maxilla grow to get out from under cranium
downward and forward
30
up until what age is the "push forward" by cranial base important in the forward growth of maxilla
age 6 - failure can cause mid face deficiency
31
at what age does cranial base stop growth and further downward and forward growth of maxilla is purely a result of sutural growth
age 7
32
what what age does mid-palatal suture close
age 8
33
does the remodeling of palatal vault move in the same direction as it is being translated
yes
34
in maxilla, is bone removed from floor of nose and added to roof of mouth
yes
35
what is the Expanding V Principle
as palatal vault moves down, it also widen
36
growth of nasal bone is complete at what age
10
37
what forms mandible? what type of formation?
Meckel's cartilage via intramembranous bone formation
38
what two methods of growth are important for mandible
1. endochondral growth in condylar region 2. intramembranous growth in other areas
39
does the displacement created by cranial base growth and the moved TMJ contribute to movement of mandible
contributes to little to no growth
40
cartilage that covers the surface of mandibular condyle undergoes what growth
endochondral growth
41
does hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and endochonral replacement and ossification occur at condylar growth site
yes
42
what growth occurs in mandible (apart from mandibular condyle)
intramembranous growth - formed and grow by surface apposition and remodeling
43
what is the accurate global understanding of mandibular growth?
mandible is translated downward and forward and grows upward and backward in response to this translation
44
what is the predictable sequence of growth completion for maxilla and mandible
1. width completes first 2. anterior-posterior length completed second 3. vertical height is completed last
45
does facial growth completely end in late teens or twenties
no
46
growth slows greatly to a basal level after ___ but does continue
sexual maturity
47
what is bony replacement of cartilaginous precursors
endochonral bone formation
48
how does cranial base and condyle of mandibule form
endochonral bone formation
49
what is less modifiable in the context of dentofacial orthopedics
endochonral bone formation
50
what is the secretion of bone matrix without cartilaginous precursors
intramembranous bone formation
51
how does cranial vault, facial bone (maxilla, body of mandible) form
intramembranous bone formation
52
what is more modifable in the context of dentofacial orthopedics)
intramembranous bone formation
53
does bone apposition occur in osteogenic areas under pressure or tension
areas under tension
54
cranial vault formed by what
intramembranous ossi
55
cranial base formed by what
endochondral ossi
56
maxilla (nasomaxillary complex) formed by what
intramembranous ossi
57
mandible formed by what
endochonral ossi at condyle, intramembranous ossi for body of mandible
58
apposition of new bone of cranial vault where
sutures (periosteum lined contact areas)
59
bone replacement of cranial base occurs where
synchondroses (Cartilage lined contact areas)
60
apposition of maxilla occurs where
superior and posterior sutures of maxilla
61
endochondral replacement of mandible occurs where
fibrocartilage of condyle
62
remodeling on inner and outer surfaces of bones allow for changes in contour where
cranial vault
63
what is considered the principal growth cartilage of cranial base and only one remaining during childhood growth period
spheno-occipital synchondroses
64
where does resorption occur on maxilla
anterior surface
65
___ growth predominates posterior border of ramus with ___ along anterior border
posterior: appositional growth anterior: remodeling resorption
66
how does appositional growth occur on maxilla
back aganst cranial base with expressed downward forward movement of maxilla
67
how does appositional growth occur in mandible
back agaisnt glenoid fossa with expressed downward and forward movement of mandible
68
does cranial vault have cartilaginous precursor
no