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23 Growth and Development > 3 - Growth of Maxilla, Mandible, and Cranium > Flashcards

3 - Growth of Maxilla, Mandible, and Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

what are the sites of growth in craniofacial complex

A
  1. cranial vault
  2. cranial base
  3. nasomaxillary complex
  4. mandible
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2
Q

what covers the upper and outer surface of brain

A

cranial vault

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3
Q

what is the bony floor under the brain and separates the cranium and face

A

cranial base

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4
Q

what consists of the nose, maxilla, and associated small bones

A

nasomaxillary complex

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5
Q

what are the two types of growth

A

endochondral and intramembranous

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6
Q

what is a process by which growing cartilage intermediate is systematically replaced by bone

A

endochondral

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7
Q

what is a process that is a direct conversion of mesenchymal tissue into bone

A

intramembranous (no cartilaginous precursor)

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8
Q

what is a determinant of growth (controlling factor)

A

endochonral and intramembranous growth

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9
Q

cranial vault is made of what type of bones

A

flat bone

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10
Q

flat boens are formed by what bone formation

A

intramembrenous bone formation

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11
Q

what bone growth process is entirely the result of periosteal activity at the surface of the bones

A

intramembranous bone formation

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12
Q

what is the cartilaginous precursor for cranial vault

A

NONE

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13
Q

where does remodeling and growth occur for cranial vault

A

periosteum

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14
Q

what are lined contact areas between adjacent bones known as cranial sutures

A

periosteum

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15
Q

does periosteal activity change inner and outer surface of flat bones

A

yes

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16
Q

after birth, apposition along the edges of ___ eliminates open spaces in the cranial vault

A

fontanelles

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17
Q

do cranial vault bones remain separated by thin periosteum lined suture for many years?

A

yes

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18
Q

when do cranial vault sutures fuse

A

adulthood

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19
Q

majority growth of cranial vaults occurs where

A

sutures

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20
Q

minor contributor of cranial vault growth is tendency to be removed from ___ surface and new bone added on ___

A

removed from internal surface; added to external surface

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21
Q

what bones compose the cranial base

A

occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal bones

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22
Q

bones of cranial base are formed by what

A

endochondral ossification to bone

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23
Q

centers of ossification in cranial base appear when

A

early in embryonic life of chondrocranium

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24
Q

ossification of cranial base continues until when

A

until bands of cartilage called synchondrosis remain

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25
Q

what function as a two-sided epiphyseal plate with bands of maturing cartilage cells spreading in both directions that will later be replaced by bone

A

synchondrosis

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26
Q

maxilla develops via what

A

intramembranous ossification

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27
Q

how does maxilla grow

A

grows by apposition of bone at sutures that connect maxilla to cranium and cranial base

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28
Q

maxilla is moved forward by growth of ___ behind it

A

cranial base

29
Q

how must the maxilla grow to get out from under cranium

A

downward and forward

30
Q

up until what age is the “push forward” by cranial base important in the forward growth of maxilla

A

age 6 - failure can cause mid face deficiency

31
Q

at what age does cranial base stop growth and further downward and forward growth of maxilla is purely a result of sutural growth

A

age 7

32
Q

what what age does mid-palatal suture close

A

age 8

33
Q

does the remodeling of palatal vault move in the same direction as it is being translated

A

yes

34
Q

in maxilla, is bone removed from floor of nose and added to roof of mouth

A

yes

35
Q

what is the Expanding V Principle

A

as palatal vault moves down, it also widen

36
Q

growth of nasal bone is complete at what age

A

10

37
Q

what forms mandible? what type of formation?

A

Meckel’s cartilage via intramembranous bone formation

38
Q

what two methods of growth are important for mandible

A
  1. endochondral growth in condylar region
  2. intramembranous growth in other areas
39
Q

does the displacement created by cranial base growth and the moved TMJ contribute to movement of mandible

A

contributes to little to no growth

40
Q

cartilage that covers the surface of mandibular condyle undergoes what growth

A

endochondral growth

41
Q

does hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and endochonral replacement and ossification occur at condylar growth site

A

yes

42
Q

what growth occurs in mandible (apart from mandibular condyle)

A

intramembranous growth - formed and grow by surface apposition and remodeling

43
Q

what is the accurate global understanding of mandibular growth?

A

mandible is translated downward and forward and grows upward and backward in response to this translation

44
Q

what is the predictable sequence of growth completion for maxilla and mandible

A
  1. width completes first
  2. anterior-posterior length completed second
  3. vertical height is completed last
45
Q

does facial growth completely end in late teens or twenties

A

no

46
Q

growth slows greatly to a basal level after ___ but does continue

A

sexual maturity

47
Q

what is bony replacement of cartilaginous precursors

A

endochonral bone formation

48
Q

how does cranial base and condyle of mandibule form

A

endochonral bone formation

49
Q

what is less modifiable in the context of dentofacial orthopedics

A

endochonral bone formation

50
Q

what is the secretion of bone matrix without cartilaginous precursors

A

intramembranous bone formation

51
Q

how does cranial vault, facial bone (maxilla, body of mandible) form

A

intramembranous bone formation

52
Q

what is more modifable in the context of dentofacial orthopedics)

A

intramembranous bone formation

53
Q

does bone apposition occur in osteogenic areas under pressure or tension

A

areas under tension

54
Q

cranial vault formed by what

A

intramembranous ossi

55
Q

cranial base formed by what

A

endochondral ossi

56
Q

maxilla (nasomaxillary complex) formed by what

A

intramembranous ossi

57
Q

mandible formed by what

A

endochonral ossi at condyle, intramembranous ossi for body of mandible

58
Q

apposition of new bone of cranial vault where

A

sutures (periosteum lined contact areas)

59
Q

bone replacement of cranial base occurs where

A

synchondroses (Cartilage lined contact areas)

60
Q

apposition of maxilla occurs where

A

superior and posterior sutures of maxilla

61
Q

endochondral replacement of mandible occurs where

A

fibrocartilage of condyle

62
Q

remodeling on inner and outer surfaces of bones allow for changes in contour where

A

cranial vault

63
Q

what is considered the principal growth cartilage of cranial base and only one remaining during childhood growth period

A

spheno-occipital synchondroses

64
Q

where does resorption occur on maxilla

A

anterior surface

65
Q

___ growth predominates posterior border of ramus with ___ along anterior border

A

posterior: appositional growth
anterior: remodeling resorption

66
Q

how does appositional growth occur on maxilla

A

back aganst cranial base with expressed downward forward movement of maxilla

67
Q

how does appositional growth occur in mandible

A

back agaisnt glenoid fossa with expressed downward and forward movement of mandible

68
Q

does cranial vault have cartilaginous precursor

A

no

23 Growth and Development (11 decks)

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