2 - Evaluation of Face and Basic Terminology Flashcards
most children show eruption of primary incisors by when
first birthday
most children show complete eruption of primary dentition by when
third birthday
is age of eruption or sequence of eruption more important
SEQUENCE
how many teeth in primary dentition
20 teeth
how many teeth in permanent dentition
32 teeth
primary molars are succeeded by what teeth
permanent premolars
primary dentition calcification begins at
central incisors
lateral incisors
canines
first molars
second molars
all 4th fetal month
primary dentition formation complete at
central incisors
lateral incisors
canines
first molars
second molars
central incisors 18-24 months
lateral incisors 18-24 months
canines 30-39 months
first molars 24-30 months
second molars 36 months
primary dentition eruption of maxillary
central incisors
lateral incisors
canines
first molars
second molars
central incisors 6-10 months
lateral incisors 8-12 months
canines 16-20 months
first molars 11-18 months
second molars 20-30 months
primary dentition eruption of
mandibular
central incisors
lateral incisors
canines
first molars
second molars
central incisors 5-8 months
lateral incisors 7-10 months
canines 16-20 months
first molars 11-18 months
second molars 20-30 months
primary dentition exfoliation
of mandibular
central incisors
lateral incisors
canines
first molars
second molars
central incisors 6-7 y
lateral incisors 7-8 y
canines 9-11 y
first molars 10-12 y
second molars 11-13 y
primary dentition exfoliation
of maxillary
central incisors
lateral incisors
canines
first molars
second molars
central incisors 7-8 y
lateral incisors 8-9 y
canines 11-12 y
first molars 9-11 y
second molars 9-12 y
what is the most common way for pediatric dentists to describe individual primary teeth
lettering
what is the system for numbering primary dentition used by orthodontists and pre-formed crown manufacturers
what tooth
L
what tooth
N
primary tooth eruption begins around ___ and is complete by ___
begins around 6 months; complete by 36 months
what primary tooth erupts first
primary mandibular centrals
what primary tooth erupts last
primary maxillary second molars
eruption sequence of primary teeth in both pattern
A-B-D-C-E
primary occlusion is typically established by ___ of age with little dimensional change until eruption of perm dentition
36 months
eruption sequence of maxillary perm
6-1-2-4-5-3-7-8
eruption sequence of mandibular perm
6-1-2-3-4-5-7-8
what is a vertical measurement of incisor overlap
overbite
what is typically reported as percentage of overlap of mandibular incisor crown
overbite (e.g., 50% overbite)
what is the normal range of overbite
10-70%
if there is no vertical overlap of CI, the patient is considered to have what
anterior open bite
in open bite cases, relative vertical position of CI is recorded as millimeters of vertical distance from ___ to ___
incisal edge to incisal edge
open bites may have what types of origins?
intrinsic origin (genetic) or extrinsic (environmental)
what are common extrinsic factors that cause open bite in children
pacifier use, thumb/finger sucking, tongue thrusting habits
if excessive vertical overlap of CI, the patient is said to have ___
anterior deep bite
in ___ it is important to look for impingement of mandibular incisors of the palatal tissues
deep bite cases
what is described to have horizontal measurement of incisor overlap
overjet
overjet is typically reported as millimeter horizontal distance from ___ to ___
from labial of maxillary CI to labial of mandibular CI
normal ranges of overjet
2-4 mm
if max CI is lingual to labial surface of mand incisor, the overjet is expressed as ___
negative (-) millimeters
patients with negative overjet is classified as what
anterior crossbite
do patients have just a single tooth in cross bite or multiple teeth in cross bite?
could be either single tooth or multiple teeth
frontal plane horizontal assessment is based on what
1/5s
an ideally proportional face can be divided into what
central, medial, and lateral equal fifths horizontally
what determine the central and medial fifths of frontal plane horizontal assessment
width of eyes and separation of eyes
what should be centered within central fifth of frontal plane horizontal assessment
nose and chin
what should be as wide or slightly wider than the central fifth of frontal plane horizontal assessment
nose
based on the frontal plane horizontal assessment, the interpupillary distance should equal what
width of mouth
frontal plane vertical assessment is based on what
1/3s
an ideally proportional face is traditionally divided into what
equal thirds (acceptable for lower third to be slightly longer than central third)
the lower facial third of frontal plane vertical assessment is subdivided again into what
into thirds with mouth being 1/3 way between the base of the nose and chin
having long facial height (long and narrow) is described as
dolichofacial
having a proportioned facial height “normal” is described as
mesiofacial
having a short facial height (broad and short) is described as
brachyfacial
profile convexity or concavity results from what
disproportion in size of jaws
can you determine which jaw (maxilla or mandible) is causing facial disharmony just by determining facial profile
NO! additional info is needed
a convex profile indicates what class relationship? what does this result from?
Class II - results from maxilla too far forward or mandible too far back
a concave profile indicated what class relationship? what does this result from?
Class III - maxilla is too far back of mandible that protrudes too far forward
what is an anthropometric reference line frequently used in analysis of lateral face
frankfort horizontal plane
where is the frankfort horizontal plane
superior limit of external auditory meatus and palpated border of infraorbital bony rim
what is the vertical line of frankfort horizontal plane
perpendicular to FH line thru glabella
what is the angle formed between nasion-pagonion line and the FH plane
facial plane angle
what does the facial plane angle locate and determine
locate the horizontal position of the chin and determines if skeletal profile is retrognathic or prognathic
clinical norm of facial plane angle
approximately 89 degrees
clinical deviation of facial plane angle
3 degrees from 89
what indicates a prognathic mandible
facial plane angle greater than 90 degrees
what indicated a retrognathic mandible
facial plane less than 90 degrees
what are variable influences that affect facial plane angle
age and ethnicity
what can be visualized by placing mirror handle along border of mandible
mandibular plane
what is the angle formed between the mandibular plane and FH plane
mandibular plane angle
clinical norm between mandibular angle and FH
appro 26 degrees
clinical deviation between mandivular angle and FH plane is
4 degrees from 26
angle formed between mandibular angle and FH plane being GREATER than 31 degrees indicates what
dolichofacial (long face) growth pattern
angle formed between mandibular angle and FH plane being LESS than 21 degrees indicated what
brachyfacial (short face) growth pattern
what is the angle formed by intersection of lines of tangent to the columella of the nose and the upper lip
nasolabial angle
what provides an assessment of nose to upper lip relationship
nasolabial angle
what is a line connecting the tip of the nose and the most anterior point of the soft-tissue chin
aesthetic plane (E-plane)
what is the horizontal distance between lower lip and aesthetic plane
lip protrusion
the interpretation of aethetic plane and lip protrusion indicates what
soft-tissue balance between lips and profile
clinical norm of aesthetic plane and lip protrusion at 8.5 years and adulthood
8.5 years: -2 mm
adult: -5 mm
clinical deviation of aesthetic plane and lip protrusion at 8.5 years and adulthood
8.5 years: 2 mm from -2 mm
adult: 2 mm from -5 mm
