1 - Introduction Flashcards by Marian Pacho

is growth disposition similar for healthy individuals

yes

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growth refers to an increase in what

size or number

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development refers to increase in what

complexity or specialization

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is growth largely anatomic

yes

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what is mainly physiologic and behavioral

development

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what is considered “prenatal”

conception to birth (average 40 weeks)

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what is considered “infancy”

birth to second birthday

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what is considered “childhood”

female: 2-10 yr
males: 2-12 yr

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what is considered “adolescence”

females: 10-18 years
males: 12-2o years

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overall potential for growth is determined by what

genetic factors

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what controls growth of neural tissue, cartilage tissue, and tooth size

genetics

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the extend to which individual attains his or her potential for growth is determiend by what?

extrinsic (environmental) factors: nutrition, illness, exercise, climate

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rate/velocity of size increase is most prominent during ___ and declines during ___

increase = prenatal period
decrease = during infancy

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when does growth velocity plateau? when does it increase agian?

plateau = childhood
increase = adolescence

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what is a graphical representation of percentage of total growth complete at particular age

cumulative/distance growth curve

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the cumulative growth curve tells you what

how much potential remains for an individual

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at what age does cumulative growth curve graph finish

20 years

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what is a graphical representation of amount of growth achieved per year

incremental or velocity growth curve

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what does incremental or velocity growth curve tell you

how fast an individual is growing at a particular point in time

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rapid accelerating growth during ___

prenatal growth

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rapid decelerating growth during ___

post natal growth

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period of relatively slow incremental growth during ___

childhood

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growth acceleration for 2-3 years during ___

pubertal adolescence

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growth charts use what as a percentile

height and weight

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what are the percentile groupings

5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95%

should children generally follow the same percentile at all ages?

YES! e.g., 90% for height at 2 years old and 92% at 10 years old

growth charts help visualize what

unexpected change in growth pattern

significant changes in growth may indicate what

growth abnormality

on average, males grow how many years later than females

2 years

female average peek pubertal growth spurt (velocity) age

12 years

males average peek pubertal growth spurt (velocity) age

14 years

what type of graph is the black line?

cumulative growth curve plot

what type of graph is the red line?

velocity growth plot

does timing of growth between individuals vary

yes

when are variations in growth and development due to timing evident

adolescence

is the average growth curve an accurate representation of pattern of growth for any particular individual

what age is neural growth complete

age 6-7

general body tissue (muscle, bone, viscera) grow at variable rate with peak velocity during ___ and increasing again during ___

infancy; adolescence

lymphoid tissue grow beyond adult proportions in ___ and then undergo involution/shrinks until ___

grow = late childhood involution = when smaller adult size reached

when does growth of genital tissue accelerate rapidly

adolescence

what stage of human growth: Head that takes approximately 50% of total body length Large cranium relative to the face Rudimentary limbs and underdeveloped trunk

fetus at 3 months

what stage of human growth: Head that takes approximately 30% of total body length Limbs and trunk have grown faster with legs 33% of total body length

infant at birth

what stage of human growth: Head that takes approximately 12% of total body length Legs approximately 50% of total body length

adult

at birth, what part of face is undeveloped compared with their extent in the adult

face and jaws are underdeveloped compared to their extent in the adult

postnatally, is there more growth in the face or cranium

more of the face than cranium

when are dentofacial modifications (ortho treatment) accomplished most easily

during periods of increased growth

why is chronologic age unreliable for prediction of human growth and development

due to factors such as sex, race, and environment

when is the ideal time for ortho tx

when patient is growing the most

what methods are used to correlate skeletal and craniofacial growth

1. hand wrist radiograph analysis 2. cervical vertebral radiographic analysis 3. dental development radiographic analysis

is there an association between dental mineralization and development and the periods of pubertal growth spurt

yes

what can be used (dentistry correlated) to accurately estimate onset and peak of pubertal growth spurt

pano radiographs and looking at development of second molars

when can you determine boys ONSET of pubertal growth spurt (dental correlations)

crown formation complete, root bifurcation has begun with root length approximating crown height or longer

when can you determine boys PEAK pubertal growth spurt (dental correlation)

root formation nearly complete with canal walls parallel with open apex

when can you determine girls ONSET of pubertal growth spurt (dental correlation)

crown formation complete to ONSET, root formation has begun but root length shorter than crown height

when can you determine girls PEAK pubertal growth spurt (dental correlation)

root length greater than crown height

is this patient at peak of pubertal growth spurt? explain

no because no root development yet

pediatric vital signs taken

1. respiratory rate 2. heart rate 3. blood pressure 4. temperature

critical measurements when measugin human growth

height weight BMI

does respiratory rate increase or decrease with age

decrease

does heart rate increase or decrease with age

decrease

does blood pressure increase or decrease weith age

increase

how to calculate BMI with kg + cm

weight (kg) / [height (cm)^2] x 10,000 = answer in METERS

how to calculate BMI with lb/in

weight (lb) / [height (in)^2] x 703

a 4 year old patient has respiratory rate of 30 and heart rate of 125. how concerned are you

slightly out of normal range, but you saw patient running around so ok

a 4 year old patient has respiratory rate of 10 with expiratory wheezes. how consecerned are you

very since 10 is low and has unusual breathe sounds

who has respiratory rate of 30-50

newborn

who has respiratory rate of 20-30

infant (1-12 months) toddler (1-3 years) preschooler (3-5 years) school age (612 years)

who has respiratory rate of 12-20

adolescent (13+)

HR and systolic BP of newborn

HR: 120-160 BP: 50-70

HR and systolic BP of infant

HR: 80-140 BP: 70-100

HR and systolic BP of toddler

HR: 80-130 BP: 80-110

HR and systolic BP of preschooler

HR: 80-120 BP: 80-110

HR and systolic BP of school age kid

HR: 70-110 BP: 80-120

HR and systolic BP of adolescent

HR: 55-105 BP: 110-120