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23 Growth and Development > 1 - Introduction > Flashcards

1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

is growth disposition similar for healthy individuals

A

yes

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2
Q

growth refers to an increase in what

A

size or number

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3
Q

development refers to increase in what

A

complexity or specialization

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4
Q

is growth largely anatomic

A

yes

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5
Q

what is mainly physiologic and behavioral

A

development

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6
Q

what is considered “prenatal”

A

conception to birth (average 40 weeks)

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7
Q

what is considered “infancy”

A

birth to second birthday

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8
Q

what is considered “childhood”

A

female: 2-10 yr
males: 2-12 yr

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9
Q

what is considered “adolescence”

A

females: 10-18 years
males: 12-2o years

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10
Q

overall potential for growth is determined by what

A

genetic factors

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11
Q

what controls growth of neural tissue, cartilage tissue, and tooth size

A

genetics

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12
Q

the extend to which individual attains his or her potential for growth is determiend by what?

A

extrinsic (environmental) factors: nutrition, illness, exercise, climate

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13
Q

rate/velocity of size increase is most prominent during ___ and declines during ___

A

increase = prenatal period
decrease = during infancy

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14
Q

when does growth velocity plateau? when does it increase agian?

A

plateau = childhood
increase = adolescence

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15
Q

what is a graphical representation of percentage of total growth complete at particular age

A

cumulative/distance growth curve

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16
Q

the cumulative growth curve tells you what

A

how much potential remains for an individual

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17
Q

at what age does cumulative growth curve graph finish

A

20 years

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18
Q

what is a graphical representation of amount of growth achieved per year

A

incremental or velocity growth curve

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19
Q

what does incremental or velocity growth curve tell you

A

how fast an individual is growing at a particular point in time

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20
Q

rapid accelerating growth during ___

A

prenatal growth

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21
Q

rapid decelerating growth during ___

A

post natal growth

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22
Q

period of relatively slow incremental growth during ___

A

childhood

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23
Q

growth acceleration for 2-3 years during ___

A

pubertal adolescence

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24
Q

growth charts use what as a percentile

A

height and weight

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25
Q

what are the percentile groupings

A

5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95%

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26
Q

should children generally follow the same percentile at all ages?

A

YES! e.g., 90% for height at 2 years old and 92% at 10 years old

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27
Q

growth charts help visualize what

A

unexpected change in growth pattern

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28
Q

significant changes in growth may indicate what

A

growth abnormality

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29
Q

on average, males grow how many years later than females

A

2 years

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30
Q

female average peek pubertal growth spurt (velocity) age

A

12 years

31
Q

males average peek pubertal growth spurt (velocity) age

A

14 years

32
Q

what type of graph is the black line?

A

cumulative growth curve plot

33
Q

what type of graph is the red line?

A

velocity growth plot

34
Q

does timing of growth between individuals vary

A

yes

35
Q

when are variations in growth and development due to timing evident

A

adolescence

36
Q

is the average growth curve an accurate representation of pattern of growth for any particular individual

A

NO

37
Q

what age is neural growth complete

A

age 6-7

38
Q

general body tissue (muscle, bone, viscera) grow at variable rate with peak velocity during ___ and increasing again during ___

A

infancy; adolescence

39
Q

lymphoid tissue grow beyond adult proportions in ___ and then undergo involution/shrinks until ___

A

grow = late childhood
involution = when smaller adult size reached

40
Q

when does growth of genital tissue accelerate rapidly

A

adolescence

41
Q

what stage of human growth:

Head that takes approximately 50% of total body length
Large cranium relative to the face
Rudimentary limbs and underdeveloped trunk

A

fetus at 3 months

42
Q

what stage of human growth:

Head that takes approximately 30% of total body length
Limbs and trunk have grown faster with legs 33% of total body length

A

infant at birth

43
Q

what stage of human growth:

Head that takes approximately 12% of total body length
Legs approximately 50% of total body length

A

adult

44
Q

at birth, what part of face is undeveloped compared with their extent in the adult

A

face and jaws are underdeveloped compared to their extent in the adult

45
Q

postnatally, is there more growth in the face or cranium

A

more of the face than cranium

46
Q

when are dentofacial modifications (ortho treatment) accomplished most easily

A

during periods of increased growth

47
Q

why is chronologic age unreliable for prediction of human growth and development

A

due to factors such as sex, race, and environment

48
Q

when is the ideal time for ortho tx

A

when patient is growing the most

49
Q

what methods are used to correlate skeletal and craniofacial growth

A
  1. hand wrist radiograph analysis
  2. cervical vertebral radiographic analysis
  3. dental development radiographic analysis
50
Q

is there an association between dental mineralization and development and the periods of pubertal growth spurt

A

yes

51
Q

what can be used (dentistry correlated) to accurately estimate onset and peak of pubertal growth spurt

A

pano radiographs and looking at development of second molars

52
Q

when can you determine boys ONSET of pubertal growth spurt (dental correlations)

A

crown formation complete, root bifurcation has begun with root length approximating crown height or longer

53
Q

when can you determine boys PEAK pubertal growth spurt (dental correlation)

A

root formation nearly complete with canal walls parallel with open apex

54
Q

when can you determine girls ONSET of pubertal growth spurt (dental correlation)

A

crown formation complete to ONSET, root formation has begun but root length shorter than crown height

55
Q

when can you determine girls PEAK pubertal growth spurt (dental correlation)

A

root length greater than crown height

56
Q

is this patient at peak of pubertal growth spurt? explain

A

no because no root development yet

57
Q

pediatric vital signs taken

A
  1. respiratory rate
  2. heart rate
  3. blood pressure
  4. temperature
58
Q

critical measurements when measugin human growth

A

height
weight
BMI

59
Q

does respiratory rate increase or decrease with age

A

decrease

60
Q

does heart rate increase or decrease with age

A

decrease

61
Q

does blood pressure increase or decrease weith age

A

increase

62
Q

how to calculate BMI with kg + cm

A

weight (kg) / [height (cm)^2] x 10,000

= answer in METERS

63
Q

how to calculate BMI with lb/in

A

weight (lb) / [height (in)^2] x 703

64
Q

a 4 year old patient has respiratory rate of 30 and heart rate of 125. how concerned are you

A

slightly out of normal range, but you saw patient running around so ok

65
Q

a 4 year old patient has respiratory rate of 10 with expiratory wheezes. how consecerned are you

A

very since 10 is low and has unusual breathe sounds

66
Q

who has respiratory rate of 30-50

A

newborn

67
Q

who has respiratory rate of 20-30

A

infant (1-12 months)
toddler (1-3 years)
preschooler (3-5 years)
school age (612 years)

68
Q

who has respiratory rate of 12-20

A

adolescent (13+)

69
Q

HR and systolic BP of newborn

A

HR: 120-160
BP: 50-70

70
Q

HR and systolic BP of infant

A

HR: 80-140
BP: 70-100

71
Q

HR and systolic BP of toddler

A

HR: 80-130
BP: 80-110

72
Q

HR and systolic BP of preschooler

A

HR: 80-120
BP: 80-110

73
Q

HR and systolic BP of school age kid

A

HR: 70-110
BP: 80-120

74
Q

HR and systolic BP of adolescent

A

HR: 55-105
BP: 110-120

23 Growth and Development (11 decks)

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