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Health Promotion - Exam 1 > 8: Antepartum > Flashcards

8: Antepartum Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it essential for the fetus to make it to at least 27 weeks?

A

Lungs secrete surfactant to keep airway open

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2
Q

What is primigravida?

A

Female in her first pregnancy

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3
Q

What is primipara?

A

Female who has delivered a child after 20 weeks gestation

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4
Q

What is multigravida?

A

Female who has been pregnant more than once

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5
Q

What is multipara?

A

Female who has completed two or more pregnancies to the point of viability

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6
Q

What does the term “gravid” refer to?

A

Pregnant

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7
Q

What does the term “parity” refer to?

A

Delivered

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8
Q

When documenting pregnancy, what do T, P, A/M, and L stand for?

A

T = carried to term
P = pre-term
A/M = abortion/miscarriage
L = living

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9
Q

Describe G# PT - P - A - L

A

Pregnancy #, # carried to term, # pre-term, # abortions/miscarriages - # living

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10
Q

What does G3 P1-1-0-2 mean?

A

Third pregnancy, 1 carried to term, 1 pre-term, 0 abortions, 2 living children

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11
Q

What does G2 P0-1-1-1

A

Second pregnancy, 0 term, 1 pre-term, 1 abortion - 1 living child

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12
Q

What 6 reproductive changes happen with pregnancy?

A
  1. Uterine hypertrophy
  2. Myometrial walls thicken
  3. Increased uterine blood flow
  4. Increased vascularization of cervix
  5. Ovarian unlargement
  6. Vulvar edema
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13
Q

What 5 renal changes happen with pregnancy?

A
  1. Increased urine output
  2. Increased function
  3. Increased renal blood flow
  4. Increased GRF by 50%
  5. Increased ECF retention
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14
Q

What 6 cardiac functions increase with pregnancy?

A
  1. Blood volume
  2. Blood plasma
  3. Cardiac output
  4. Stroke volume
  5. HR
  6. Arterial blood pressure
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15
Q

What are 3 circulation changes that can happen with pregnancy?

A
  1. Vena cava syndrome
  2. Leg varicosities
  3. Leg cramps
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16
Q

What is vena cava syndrome?

A

Fetus compresses vena cava when supine

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17
Q

Based on abdominal anatomy, what is the optimal position someone who is pregnant to lie down?

A

Left sidelying

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18
Q

What 5 GI changes can happen with pregnancy?

A
  1. Gum hypertrophy
  2. Lower esophageal sphincter tone
  3. Decreased motility
  4. Decreased emptying time
  5. Constipation/hemorrhoids
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19
Q

How much weight gain is healthy for pregnancy?

A

25-35 lbs

20
Q

What 4 pulmonary changes can happen with pregnancy?

A
  1. Increased oxygen consumption
  2. Increased progesterone
  3. Diaphragm elevation
  4. Respiratory alkalosis risk
21
Q

What are 4 metabolic changes with pregnancy?

A
  1. Insulin levels
  2. Mineral demand
  3. Increased fat storage
  4. Fluid retention
22
Q

What minerals have increased demand with pregnancy?

A
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Iron
23
Q

What are common MSK changes with pregnancy?

A
  • Cervical pain
  • LBP
  • Pelvic pain
  • Carpal tunnel
  • DRA
24
Q

How does posture change with pregnancy?

A
  • Anterior COG
  • Increased ligament laxity
  • Increased lordosis/kyphosis
  • Decreased muscle tone
25
Q

When are pregnant people at the highest risk for falls?

A

7 months - coincides with the peak rate of pelvic pain

26
Q

What should you assess for fall risk?

A

Gait speed, short physical performance battery, functional reach test

27
Q

Describe PGP anterpartum

A

56-72% of pregnancies

28
Q

What are risk factors for PGP anterpartum?

A
  • History of pregnancy
  • Orthopedic dysfunction
  • Increased BMI
  • Smoking
  • Work dissatisfaction
  • Anxiety and depression
29
Q

What are differentials for PGP antepartum?

A

Transient osteoporosis, DRA, lumbar/pelvic/hip dysfunction

30
Q

Are support belts beneficial during pregnancy?

A

Inconclusive

31
Q

What evidence is there for exercise for antepartum PGP?

A

Low risk with minimal adverse effects

32
Q

What are the ACOG guidelines for exercise?

A

150 minutes per week of moderate intensity

33
Q

What are the benefits of meeting the ACOG guidelines for exercise?

A

Decrease discomfort and stress, improve mood, less total weight gain, improve pain tolerance, shorter labor

34
Q

What % of women meet the ACOG guidelines for exercise?

A

15%

35
Q

What are the 7 precautions for exercise antepartum?

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Heavy smoker
  3. IUGR in current pregnancy
  4. Poorly controlled DM, hypertension, hypothyroidism
  5. Extreme obesity
  6. BMI < 12
  7. Cardiac arrhythmia
36
Q

What are the 9 contraindications for exercise antepartum?

A
  1. Complications that exclude activity
  2. Persistent bleeding in 2/3 trimester
  3. Incompetent cervix
  4. Ruptured membranes
  5. Hypertensive disorders
  6. Multiple gestation risk for premature labor
  7. Pre-eclampsia
  8. Placenta previa after 26 weeks
  9. RLD
37
Q

What are warning signs to stop exercising antepartum?

A
  • Dyspnea without exertion
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Muscle weakness
  • Calf pain and swelling
  • Chest pain
  • Decreased fetal movement
  • Vaginal bleeding
  • Uterine contractions
  • Suspected ROM
38
Q

What are exercise guidelines for someone who was sedentary prior to becoming pregnant?

A

Short bouts of exercise for 10-15 minutes, 2-3x per day

39
Q

What are other positional precautions for exercise?

A
  • Abdominal compression
  • Supine longer than 5 minutes
  • Buttock higher than chest
  • Strain pelvic floor and abdominals
40
Q

Why should you avoid positions with the buttock higher than the chest?

A

Can cause the baby to breach

41
Q

What is diastasis recti?

A

Separation of the rectus abdominis muscle

42
Q

What is the cause of diastasis recti?

A

Muscle weakness, hormonal changes, exertion on abdominal wall by growing fetus

43
Q

How do you assess for diastasis recti?

A

Ask patient to raise their head and shoulders off the table in hooklying

44
Q

What is the normal measurement when assess for diastasis recti?

A

1-2 finger width

45
Q

What measurement is considered pathologic for diastasis recti?

A

> 2 fingers

46
Q

What are interventions for diastasis recti?

A
  • Rectus abdominus training
  • Eccentric training
  • Modalities
  • Diaphragmatic breathing
  • Functional

Health Promotion - Exam 1 (12 decks)

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