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Health Promotion - Exam 1 > 1: Continence > Flashcards

1: Continence Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 common pelvic health disorders?

A
  1. Incontinence
  2. Supportive dysfunction
  3. Pelvic pain
  4. Colorectal dysfunction
  5. Sexual dysfunction
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2
Q

What plane of motion is the best to load the pelvic floor?

A

Transverse

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3
Q

How much fluid is filtered by the kidneys?

A

200 quarts

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4
Q

Why is there an increased risk of cancer based on kidney function?

A

Exposed to carcinogens for for prolonged periods of time

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5
Q

What happens to kidneys with age?

A

Decreased blood flow and efficiency leads to increased urine volume. Alters fluid/electrolyte balance

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6
Q

What is the daytime storage for the bladder?

A

2 cups (16 oz)

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7
Q

What is the nighttime storage for the bladder?

A

4 cups (32 oz)

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8
Q

What happens to bladder capacity with age?

A

Decreased, nocturia increases after 60 yrs

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9
Q

What are the three primary functions of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM)?

A
  1. Sphincteric
  2. Supportive
  3. Sexual
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10
Q

What are the functions of the deep PFM?

A

Sphincteric and supportive

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11
Q

What is the function of the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Sphincteric

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12
Q

What are the functions of the superficial PFM?

A

Sexual and sphincteric

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13
Q

What are the three categories of PFM?

A
  1. Deep
  2. Urogenital diaphragm
  3. Superficial
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14
Q

What muscles make up the outside wall of the pelvic floor?

A

Piriformis and obturator internus

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15
Q

What category of muscles make up the floor of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

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16
Q

What are the 5 levator ani muscles?

A
  1. Pubococcygeus
  2. Puborectalis
  3. Pubovaginalis
  4. Iliococcygeus
  5. Ischiococcygeus
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17
Q

What levator ani muscles control defecation?

A

Pubococcygeus and ruborectalis

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18
Q

What levator ani muscles support the pelvic viscera?

A

Illiococcygeus and ischiococcygeus

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19
Q

What are the three muscles that make up the superficial pelvic floor?

A

Bulbospongiousus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal

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20
Q

What is the function of the bulbospongiosus?

A

Empties urethra by acting as a sphincter, assists with sexual function

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21
Q

What is the function of the ischiocavernosus?

A

Assist with sexual function

22
Q

What is the function of the superficial transverse perineal?

A

Stabilizes perineal body

23
Q

What three muscles make up the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Sphincter urethrae, compressor urethrae, sphincter urethral vaginalis (female only)

24
Q

What is the function of the sphincter urethrae?

A

Control flow of urine

25
Q

What is the function of the compressor urethrae?

A

Compresses ventral wall of urethra

26
Q

What is the function of the sphincter urethral vaginalis?

A

Compress ventral wall of urethra

27
Q

What is the innervation for the external urethral sphincter?

A

S2-S3

28
Q

What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?

A

S2-S3

29
Q

What is the innervation of the levator ani?

A

S3-S5

30
Q

What is the innervation of the PFM?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

31
Q

What is the innervation of the bladder - detrusor?

A

S2-S4

32
Q

What is the innervation of the bladder - neck and fundus?

A

T10-L2

33
Q

What are the three requirements for continence?

A
  1. Competent sphincters
  2. Adequate PFM strength
  3. Adequate bladder storage
34
Q

What controls micturition and by what means?

A

Pons micturition center (PMC), frontal cortex, and hypothalamus

Organizes the lower urinary tract and controls relaxation of urethral sphincter and PFM

35
Q

Describe the PFM muscles?

A

Type I muscle fibers, tonic and phasic motor unit activity, guarding reflex

36
Q

Describe the four components of anorectal function

A
  1. Colon transports feces through rectosigmoid sphincter
  2. Rectum stores feces
  3. Distension of rectum triggers void
  4. Puborectalis maintains optimal angle of rectum
37
Q

How much feces can be stored in the rectum?

A

300 mL

38
Q

Describe sexual response

A

Rhythmic contractions contribute, PFM activation decreased venous outflow

39
Q

How does the body respond to changes in abdominal pressure to maintain continence?

A

Urethral constriction by the urethral wall and stabilization of the pelvic floor

40
Q

What determines continence?

A

Maximum urethral closure pressure at rest and during increases in pressure

41
Q

What bladder volume will induce conscious awareness?

A

8-12 oz

42
Q

When is continence maintained?

A

Urethral pressure is more than bladder pressure

43
Q

What are four age related changes of bladder capacity?

A
  1. Diminished capacity
  2. Increased residual urine
  3. Uninhibited bladder contractions
  4. Delayed sensation to urinate
44
Q

What is a normal bowel schedule?

A

1-3x per day up to once every three days. Variable in teenage females

45
Q

What are the most common or normal types of stool according to the Bristol Stool Chart?

A

Type 3 and 4

46
Q

When should you refer out based on bowel schedule?

A

Unexplained change in bowel habits in patients over 40 years, need a colonoscopy

47
Q

What does Type 1 stool indicate?

A

Severe constipation

48
Q

What does Type 7 stool indicate?

A

Severe diarrhea

49
Q

Describe fecal continence

A

Pressure based system. External anal sphincter and ruborectalis muscles relax to cause opening

50
Q

What does anal continence depend on?

A

Sphincter, pelvic function, rectal distensibility, anorectal sensation, anorectal reflexed, intact nervous system, mental function, stool volume, stool consistency, colonic transit

Health Promotion - Exam 1 (12 decks)

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