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Health Promotion - Exam 1 > 1: Continence > Flashcards

1: Continence Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 common pelvic health disorders?

A
  1. Incontinence
  2. Supportive dysfunction
  3. Pelvic pain
  4. Colorectal dysfunction
  5. Sexual dysfunction
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2
Q

What plane of motion is the best to load the pelvic floor?

A

Transverse

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3
Q

How much fluid is filtered by the kidneys?

A

200 quarts

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4
Q

Why is there an increased risk of cancer based on kidney function?

A

Exposed to carcinogens for for prolonged periods of time

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5
Q

What happens to kidneys with age?

A

Decreased blood flow and efficiency leads to increased urine volume. Alters fluid/electrolyte balance

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6
Q

What is the daytime storage for the bladder?

A

2 cups (16 oz)

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7
Q

What is the nighttime storage for the bladder?

A

4 cups (32 oz)

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8
Q

What happens to bladder capacity with age?

A

Decreased, nocturia increases after 60 yrs

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9
Q

What are the three primary functions of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM)?

A
  1. Sphincteric
  2. Supportive
  3. Sexual
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10
Q

What are the functions of the deep PFM?

A

Sphincteric and supportive

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11
Q

What is the function of the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Sphincteric

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12
Q

What are the functions of the superficial PFM?

A

Sexual and sphincteric

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13
Q

What are the three categories of PFM?

A
  1. Deep
  2. Urogenital diaphragm
  3. Superficial
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14
Q

What muscles make up the outside wall of the pelvic floor?

A

Piriformis and obturator internus

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15
Q

What category of muscles make up the floor of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

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16
Q

What are the 5 levator ani muscles?

A
  1. Pubococcygeus
  2. Puborectalis
  3. Pubovaginalis
  4. Iliococcygeus
  5. Ischiococcygeus
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17
Q

What levator ani muscles control defecation?

A

Pubococcygeus and ruborectalis

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18
Q

What levator ani muscles support the pelvic viscera?

A

Illiococcygeus and ischiococcygeus

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19
Q

What are the three muscles that make up the superficial pelvic floor?

A

Bulbospongiousus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal

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20
Q

What is the function of the bulbospongiosus?

A

Empties urethra by acting as a sphincter, assists with sexual function

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21
Q

What is the function of the ischiocavernosus?

A

Assist with sexual function

22
Q

What is the function of the superficial transverse perineal?

A

Stabilizes perineal body

23
Q

What three muscles make up the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Sphincter urethrae, compressor urethrae, sphincter urethral vaginalis (female only)

24
Q

What is the function of the sphincter urethrae?

A

Control flow of urine

25
What is the function of the compressor urethrae?
Compresses ventral wall of urethra
26
What is the function of the sphincter urethral vaginalis?
Compress ventral wall of urethra
27
What is the innervation for the external urethral sphincter?
S2-S3
28
What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?
S2-S3
29
What is the innervation of the levator ani?
S3-S5
30
What is the innervation of the PFM?
Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
31
What is the innervation of the bladder - detrusor?
S2-S4
32
What is the innervation of the bladder - neck and fundus?
T10-L2
33
What are the three requirements for continence?
1. Competent sphincters 2. Adequate PFM strength 3. Adequate bladder storage
34
What controls micturition and by what means?
Pons micturition center (PMC), frontal cortex, and hypothalamus Organizes the lower urinary tract and controls relaxation of urethral sphincter and PFM
35
Describe the PFM muscles?
Type I muscle fibers, tonic and phasic motor unit activity, guarding reflex
36
Describe the four components of anorectal function
1. Colon transports feces through rectosigmoid sphincter 2. Rectum stores feces 3. Distension of rectum triggers void 4. Puborectalis maintains optimal angle of rectum
37
How much feces can be stored in the rectum?
300 mL
38
Describe sexual response
Rhythmic contractions contribute, PFM activation decreased venous outflow
39
How does the body respond to changes in abdominal pressure to maintain continence?
Urethral constriction by the urethral wall and stabilization of the pelvic floor
40
What determines continence?
Maximum urethral closure pressure at rest and during increases in pressure
41
What bladder volume will induce conscious awareness?
8-12 oz
42
When is continence maintained?
Urethral pressure is more than bladder pressure
43
What are four age related changes of bladder capacity?
1. Diminished capacity 2. Increased residual urine 3. Uninhibited bladder contractions 3. Delayed sensation to urinate
44
What is a normal bowel schedule?
1-3x per day up to once every three days. Variable in teenage females
45
What are the most common or normal types of stool according to the Bristol Stool Chart?
Type 3 and 4
46
When should you refer out based on bowel schedule?
Unexplained change in bowel habits in patients over 40 years, need a colonoscopy
47
What does Type 1 stool indicate?
Severe constipation
48
What does Type 7 stool indicate?
Severe diarrhea
49
Describe fecal continence
Pressure based system. External anal sphincter and ruborectalis muscles relax to cause opening
50
What does anal continence depend on?
Sphincter, pelvic function, rectal distensibility, anorectal sensation, anorectal reflexed, intact nervous system, mental function, stool volume, stool consistency, colonic transit

Health Promotion - Exam 1 (12 decks)

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