8) Alliances and Shifts Flashcards
FGR and NATO
Adenauer realised the best way to protect Germany was to align it with western powers
a general treaty is signed in Bonn to abolish the occupation of the FGR in 1952
Joins NATO in May 1955
SEATO
September 1954
South East Atlantic Treaty Organisation
in response to the strengthening Sino-soviet relations
many SEATO members were not actually in Asia only Pakistan, the Philippines and Thailand were
some unincluded states needed the help
Baghdad Pact
Feb 1955
signed between USA, UK, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Turkey as a mutual defence (anti-Soviet) league
Soviet response to the Baghdad pact
start to supply aid to Syria, also to Nasser’s new republic of Egypt and then Iraq after its 1958 revolution
Dwight Eisenhower
Jan 1953
President after Truman
John Dulles
Secretary of State for Eisenhower
New look policy
Eisenhower
a new policy including massive retaliation, brinkmanship and rollback created by the new Eisenhower administration
Brinkmanship
a strategy to convince ones opponent that there is a real risk of conflict
One side has to back down for face the conflict
Domino theory
if one country falls to communism, it’s influence will expand and take more with it
Big fear after the fall of China and Korean war
Nuclear deterrent + Hydrogen bomb
a nuclear weapon or system to scare/prevent an enemy attack
eg
type of atomic bomb developed by the US in lieu of repeated military and political provocations from the USSR
Massive retaliation
new administration believed the best way to deter aggression against the USSR was with a display of nuclear weapons and superiority
Rollback
a theory that the only way to secure international peace was dependent on the reduction of Soviet influence
What was Eisenhower’s view on containment
He believed the only way to end the cold war was a reduction of Soviet power and that containment was expensive and would only result in a stalemate
Situation in Viet Nam in the 1950s
French colonialism: abused the power they held over the Vietnamese people by taking their identity, this resulted in a civil war between the french colonists (supported by US) and the Vietnamese people
Outside view of Viet Nam: Eisenhower, the USSR and PRC all wanted a diplomatic solution
USSR put pressure on the PRC to support it
Ho Chi Minh
Supported by China
led the Vietnamese forces against the US
a nationalist communist who wanted more support for natives who wanted freedom from colonial rule
asked for independence with US aid but talks broke down (1946) and a general war began
Dein Bien Phu
May 1954
A French garrison fell to the Vietnamese after a 4 month siege
when it fell to Viet Minh (communist forces) it was pretty much the end of the war and the US became concerned with the growth of communism
Geneva conference
April 1954
Ceasefire rather than long term solution
2 zones created along the 17th parallel
not independent
national elections to take place in 2 years
Geneva conference consequences
the USA + Southern regime refused to sign agreements (because an election would most likely bring communists to power)
the USA pledged alliance to them as supporting a pro-American and non-communist independent government
How did the situation in Vietnam contribute the development of cold war tensions
bordering capitalist and communist states
Chinese invasion of Tibet
1950, expansionism
Anti-Soviet riots in Berlin are suppressed
June 1953 ‘Volksaufstand’
shows unpopularity
as per NSC-68 the US could support
F-100 fighter
May 1953, first supersonic warplane (American)
Evidence of arms race begining
American support of the French in Vietnam
by 1954 the US were paying 75% of the war costs
