15) Cooperation Flashcards
détente
the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries (USSR and USA)
Kennedy’s views on nuclear weapons after the Cuban missile crisis
knew they needed a anti-communist line but not a nuclear one
American authorities reconned that, in 1963, a nuclear war would end in mutually assured destruction (MAD)
wanted to limit the nuclear capabilities of countries with these weapons but had to keep an anti-communist stance
Khrushchev’s views on nuclear weapons after the Cuban missile crisis
also acknowledge MAD
pressure to kept up an anti-western view
needed assurance of nuclear missiles- lost an ally is Asia (China)
Washington-Moscow hotline
June 1963
USSR and America
direct contact
set up as a way to avoid communication delays after the Cuban missile crisis
direct contact whenever
Cool idea but wasn’t used, first by LBJ
Moscow test ban treaty
-August 1963
-signed by USSR, USA and UK
-Proposed by the Soviets in the 1950s
-lots of debates but pushed for after missile crisis
-China and France refused to sign
-restrictions of how and where nuclear missiles could be tested, only underground tests were not banned
-recognition of MAD and an attempt to prevent this
US verses USSR nuclear capability in the 60s
-despite signing the Moscow treaty in hopes to reduce tensions, Kennedy administration continued to produce ICBMs and SLBMs (Submarine Launched) to strengthen their defence system
-however, by the late 1960s, the missile/bomber gap between the US and USSR was virtually non-existent
-USSR even gained supremacy in their defence system, why they needed the non-proliferation treaty
when did China get a nuclear bomb
October 1964
Why did the USSR have a superior defence system to the US
-the development of ABMs
-could intercept missiles and prevent them from reaching their target
-potentially disproved MAD
-the soviets were reluctant to include ABMs in a nuclear treaty
What made ABMs ineffective
the American development of MIRVs in 1970
after being fired, MIRVs split into multiple war heads that would land in different destinations
this caused ABMs to be ineffective as they were not designed to stop numerous war heads
The nuclear non-proliferation treaty
July 1968
-UK, USSR and USA
(not China or France)
-China now has a nuclear bomb
-signed to agree that no nuclear weapons/devices/control/science would be past on to any other countries
established the idea of none nuclear states
a cut back in materials for nuclear weapons
-followed the signing of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty
-both countries wanted to decrease nuclear development to focus on internal policies (big for LBJ)
-this needed to be mutual
-acknowledgement that in the face of guerrilla tactics (Viet Nam) nukes were useless
-HOWEVER further talks were halted after the Prague Spring invasion
what did cooperation in this era show
-US and USSR were committed to reducing/easing the tensions associated with the Cold War
-addressed the idea that uclear war was a possibility and both parties hoped that these treaties removed it as a possibility
what caused cooperation, after these treaties, to develop
-financial reasons
-too expensive to keep up the arms race
-development of MIRVs
-resolution of the Prague Spring and the election of Nixon
MRIV
Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicles
