8/21/13

Question 1

Not on host cells and essential for microbe survival

Answer 1

PAMPS

Question 2

Two types of response for innate immunity

Answer 2

inflammation and anti-viral defense

Question 3

Enzymes of the epithelial barrier

Answer 3

lysozyme, defensins, cathedicins, intraepthelial T-cells

Question 4

complements are synthesized mainly in the

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

3 pathways to initiate complement activation

Answer 5

alternative (microbe), classical (antibody), and lectin pathways (all act on C3)

Question 6

Alternate pathway of complement activation

Answer 6

C3–> C3b, C3a–> C3b attaches to OH or NH group on bacteria–> factor B stabilizes C3b–> factor D breaks down factor B to factor Bb–>C3bBb convertase rapidly converts more C3 at microbe surface–> convertase also cleaves C5 to allow for the formation of membrane attack complex

Question 7

decay acceleration factor/ CD59 are cell surface proteins that deactivate these

Answer 7

C3 convertases/MAC

Question 8

Complements role in inflammation

Answer 8

C3a–> degranulates mast cells

C5a–> recruits neutrophils

Question 9

PAMP- Bacterial lipoglycans

Answer 9

TLR 1:2

Question 10

PAMP- Bacterial peptidoglycans, lipotechoic acid, porins, viral hemaglutins

Answer 10

TLR 2

Question 11

PAMP- Viral double stranded RNA

Answer 11

TLR 3

Question 12

PAMP- Gram (-) bacterial LPS, fungal mannans, parasitic phospholipids, viral envelope portein, host heat shock proteins

Answer 12

TLR 4

Question 13

PAMP- Bacterial flaggelin

Answer 13

TLR 5

Question 14

PAMP- Bacterial Lipopeptide

Answer 14

TLR 6

Question 15

PAMP- Viral Single stranded RNA

Answer 15

TLR 7, TLR 8

Question 16

PAMP- Viral and Bacterial unmethlyated CpG DNA

Answer 16

TLR 9

Question 17

Extracellular toll like receptors

Answer 17

TLR 1,2,4,5, 6

Question 18

Endosomal toll like receptors

Answer 18

TLR 3,7,8,9

Question 19

Extracellular toll like receptors lead to the activation of this

Answer 19

NF-kb, inflammatory response

Question 20

Endosomal toll like receptors lead to the activation of this

Answer 20

IRF-3, interferon response

Question 21

what is need to make M1 from resting macrophage?

Answer 21

IFN-gamma and PAMPS

Question 22

what is need to make M2 from resting macrophage?

Answer 22

IL-4 or IL-13

Question 23

Three levels of activation for M1

Answer 23

resting, primed by IFN-gamma, activated by PAMPS or DAMPS

Question 24

Secreted by M1

Answer 24

TNF, IL-1, IL-6, High IL-12

Question 25

N-formylmethionyl peptides receptor activation leads to

Answer 25

increased integrin avidity, cytoskeletal changes

Question 26

Mannose receptor receptor activation leads to

Answer 26

phagocytosis of microbe into phagosome

Question 27

TLR and cytokine receptor activation leads to

Answer 27

free radicals being made to kill microbe, stimulating release of other cytokines for inflammation and enhanced adaptive immunity, tissue repair

Question 28

Natural Killer cells respond to stressed cells by

Answer 28

Killing them and releasing INF-gamma (intracellular pathogens)

Question 29

Macrophages release this, which in turn leads to NK cells releasing INF-gamma

Answer 29

IL-12

Question 30

NK inhibitor receptors recognize____ which help them fight viruses that evaded adaptive immune system

Answer 30

class I MHC

Question 31

Cytokines made by macrophage

Answer 31

IL-1,6,10,12,15,18, TNF, chemokines, type 1 interferons

Question 32

Cytokines made by dendritic cells

Answer 32

IL-10,12, Chemokines, type 1 interferons

Question 33

Cytokines made by endothelial cells

Answer 33

IL-1,6, chemokines

Question 34

Cytokines made by NK cells

Answer 34

IFN-gamma

Question 35

acute phase proteins (Stimulated by TNF, IL-1,6)

Answer 35

Complement proteins, connectins, C-reactive proteins