8/21/13 Flashcards
Not on host cells and essential for microbe survival
PAMPS
Two types of response for innate immunity
inflammation and anti-viral defense
Enzymes of the epithelial barrier
lysozyme, defensins, cathedicins, intraepthelial T-cells
complements are synthesized mainly in the
liver
3 pathways to initiate complement activation
alternative (microbe), classical (antibody), and lectin pathways (all act on C3)
Alternate pathway of complement activation
C3–> C3b, C3a–> C3b attaches to OH or NH group on bacteria–> factor B stabilizes C3b–> factor D breaks down factor B to factor Bb–>C3bBb convertase rapidly converts more C3 at microbe surface–> convertase also cleaves C5 to allow for the formation of membrane attack complex
decay acceleration factor/ CD59 are cell surface proteins that deactivate these
C3 convertases/MAC
Complements role in inflammation
C3a–> degranulates mast cells
C5a–> recruits neutrophils
PAMP- Bacterial lipoglycans
TLR 1:2
PAMP- Bacterial peptidoglycans, lipotechoic acid, porins, viral hemaglutins
TLR 2
PAMP- Viral double stranded RNA
TLR 3
PAMP- Gram (-) bacterial LPS, fungal mannans, parasitic phospholipids, viral envelope portein, host heat shock proteins
TLR 4
PAMP- Bacterial flaggelin
TLR 5
PAMP- Bacterial Lipopeptide
TLR 6
PAMP- Viral Single stranded RNA
TLR 7, TLR 8
PAMP- Viral and Bacterial unmethlyated CpG DNA
TLR 9
Extracellular toll like receptors
TLR 1,2,4,5, 6
Endosomal toll like receptors
TLR 3,7,8,9
Extracellular toll like receptors lead to the activation of this
NF-kb, inflammatory response
Endosomal toll like receptors lead to the activation of this
IRF-3, interferon response
what is need to make M1 from resting macrophage?
IFN-gamma and PAMPS
what is need to make M2 from resting macrophage?
IL-4 or IL-13
Three levels of activation for M1
resting, primed by IFN-gamma, activated by PAMPS or DAMPS
Secreted by M1
TNF, IL-1, IL-6, High IL-12
N-formylmethionyl peptides receptor activation leads to
increased integrin avidity, cytoskeletal changes
Mannose receptor receptor activation leads to
phagocytosis of microbe into phagosome
TLR and cytokine receptor activation leads to
free radicals being made to kill microbe, stimulating release of other cytokines for inflammation and enhanced adaptive immunity, tissue repair
Natural Killer cells respond to stressed cells by
Killing them and releasing INF-gamma (intracellular pathogens)
Macrophages release this, which in turn leads to NK cells releasing INF-gamma
IL-12
NK inhibitor receptors recognize____ which help them fight viruses that evaded adaptive immune system
class I MHC
Cytokines made by macrophage
IL-1,6,10,12,15,18, TNF, chemokines, type 1 interferons
Cytokines made by dendritic cells
IL-10,12, Chemokines, type 1 interferons
Cytokines made by endothelial cells
IL-1,6, chemokines
Cytokines made by NK cells
IFN-gamma
acute phase proteins (Stimulated by TNF, IL-1,6)
Complement proteins, connectins, C-reactive proteins
