7th Science - Cells Flashcards
What enables us to see the tiny basic units of all living things?
microscope
Robert Hooke saw the openings in cork and called them ________.
cells
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann realized that plant and animal cells have _________ features.
similar
The cell theory has three parts: All living things are made of __________ cells.
one or more
The cell is the smallest unit of __________.
life
All new cells come from ________ cells.
preexisting cells
What form when many small molecules join?
macromolecules
The main ingredient of any cell is ______________.
water
The structure of a water molecule makes it ideal for __________________ many other substances.
dissolving
Nucleic acids from when long chains of molecules called __________ join.
nucleotides
Nucleic acids are important in cells because they contain ________________ information.
genetic
The macromolecules that are necessary for nearly everything cells do are _____________.
proteins
Proteins are long chains of _____________ molecules. Some proteins help break down __________ in food.
amino acid; nutrients
A(n) _____________ is a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water.
lipid
Macromolecules that do not mix with water play an important role as protective __________ in cells.
barriers
One sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or long chains of sugar molecules make up ______
carbohydrates
Carbohydrates store _______ and provide structural support. They also are used for ________ between cells.
energy; communication
A cell is made of different ________ that work together and keep a cell alive.
structures
The ________ is a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside.
cell membrane
A cell membrane is mostly made of phospholipids and __________.
proteins
A(n) _______ is a stiff structure outside the cell membrane of some cells.
cell wall
_________, fungal cells, and some types of bacteria have cell walls.
Plant cells
Cell appendages are often used for _________.
movement
Long, tall-like appendages called __________ whip back and forth and move a cell.
flagella
___________ are short, hairlike structures that can move a cell or move molecules away from a cell.
cilia
Most water in a cell is in the ________, a fluid that contains salts and other molecules.
cytoplasm
The ________ is made of a network of threadlike proteins that are joined to form a framework inside a cell.
cytoskeleton
With advanced microscopes, scientists discovered that all cells can be grouped into two types – prokaryotic and ___________
eukaryotic
The most important feature of a(n) _________ cell is that the genetic material is not surrounded by a membrane.
prokaryotic
Plants, _______, fungi, and proteins are made of one or more eukaryotic cells.
animals
Every eukaryotic cell has membrane surrounded components, called ________, which have specialized functions.
organelles
The ________ is the part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA.
nucleus
Surrounding the nucleus are two membranes that form a structure called the nuclear _______.
envelope
_________ are made in small structures called ribosomes.
proteins
Ribosomes can be founded in a cell’s ________ or attached to a weblike organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum.
cytoplasm
Energy is released during chemical reactions that occur in the ______.
mitochondria
_________ is the fuel for cellular processes such as growth, cell division, and material transport.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles that use _________ energy and make glucose from water and carbon dioxide. This energy drives a process known as _________.
light; photosynthesis
The Golgi apparatus prepares _______ and packages them into ball-like structures called _______.
proteins; vesicles
________ are organelles that help recycle cellular components.
lysosomes
Vacuoles are organelles that _________ food, water, and waste material.
store
The four types of _______ in cells are nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
macromolecules
