7th Science - Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What enables us to see the tiny basic units of all living things?

A

microscope

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2
Q

Robert Hooke saw the openings in cork and called them ________.

A

cells

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3
Q

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann realized that plant and animal cells have _________ features.

A

similar

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4
Q

The cell theory has three parts: All living things are made of __________ cells.

A

one or more

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5
Q

The cell is the smallest unit of __________.

A

life

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6
Q

All new cells come from ________ cells.

A

preexisting cells

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7
Q

What form when many small molecules join?

A

macromolecules

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8
Q

The main ingredient of any cell is ______________.

A

water

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9
Q

The structure of a water molecule makes it ideal for __________________ many other substances.

A

dissolving

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10
Q

Nucleic acids from when long chains of molecules called __________ join.

A

nucleotides

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11
Q

Nucleic acids are important in cells because they contain ________________ information.

A

genetic

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12
Q

The macromolecules that are necessary for nearly everything cells do are _____________.

A

proteins

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13
Q

Proteins are long chains of _____________ molecules. Some proteins help break down __________ in food.

A

amino acid; nutrients

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14
Q

A(n) _____________ is a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water.

A

lipid

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15
Q

Macromolecules that do not mix with water play an important role as protective __________ in cells.

A

barriers

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16
Q

One sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or long chains of sugar molecules make up ______

A

carbohydrates

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17
Q

Carbohydrates store _______ and provide structural support. They also are used for ________ between cells.

A

energy; communication

18
Q

A cell is made of different ________ that work together and keep a cell alive.

A

structures

19
Q

The ________ is a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside.

A

cell membrane

20
Q

A cell membrane is mostly made of phospholipids and __________.

A

proteins

21
Q

A(n) _______ is a stiff structure outside the cell membrane of some cells.

A

cell wall

22
Q

_________, fungal cells, and some types of bacteria have cell walls.

A

Plant cells

23
Q

Cell appendages are often used for _________.

A

movement

24
Q

Long, tall-like appendages called __________ whip back and forth and move a cell.

A

flagella

25
Q

___________ are short, hairlike structures that can move a cell or move molecules away from a cell.

A

cilia

26
Q

Most water in a cell is in the ________, a fluid that contains salts and other molecules.

A

cytoplasm

27
Q

The ________ is made of a network of threadlike proteins that are joined to form a framework inside a cell.

A

cytoskeleton

28
Q

With advanced microscopes, scientists discovered that all cells can be grouped into two types – prokaryotic and ___________

A

eukaryotic

29
Q

The most important feature of a(n) _________ cell is that the genetic material is not surrounded by a membrane.

A

prokaryotic

30
Q

Plants, _______, fungi, and proteins are made of one or more eukaryotic cells.

A

animals

31
Q

Every eukaryotic cell has membrane surrounded components, called ________, which have specialized functions.

A

organelles

32
Q

The ________ is the part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA.

A

nucleus

33
Q

Surrounding the nucleus are two membranes that form a structure called the nuclear _______.

A

envelope

34
Q

_________ are made in small structures called ribosomes.

A

proteins

35
Q

Ribosomes can be founded in a cell’s ________ or attached to a weblike organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

cytoplasm

36
Q

Energy is released during chemical reactions that occur in the ______.

A

mitochondria

37
Q

_________ is the fuel for cellular processes such as growth, cell division, and material transport.

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

38
Q

Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles that use _________ energy and make glucose from water and carbon dioxide. This energy drives a process known as _________.

A

light; photosynthesis

39
Q

The Golgi apparatus prepares _______ and packages them into ball-like structures called _______.

A

proteins; vesicles

40
Q

________ are organelles that help recycle cellular components.

A

lysosomes

41
Q

Vacuoles are organelles that _________ food, water, and waste material.

A

store

42
Q

The four types of _______ in cells are nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

A

macromolecules