7.6 Flashcards
1
Q
Art during the 1920s-1930s
A
- the stuff that was invented before the 1920s and 1930s/ invented before 1914 was preserved by a “small group of avant garde artists and intellectuals”
- because of the World WWI, people worked out the implications of prewar ideas
- the war caused people to see that humans were “violent and irrational” beings who are “incapable to creating a sane and rational world” which were the art ideas prewar. these were political and economic uncertainties (great depression, movements based on violence and degradation of individual rights)
- some social insecurities happening during WWI was sexuality. many women started to expose more skin and wear makeup, like prostitutes, and had discussions of sexual matters
- many artists were looking for a wider audience
- in nazi germany and the soviet union, they rejected modern art and wanted art to focus on social values useful to ruling regimes (germany wanted strong, healthy and heroic art and russia wanted realism)
2
Q
Marie stopes
A
- she published married love
- it emphasized sexual pleasure in marriage
- during the time when WWI caused people to work out the implications of prewar ideas
3
Q
Nightmares and New visions
A
- postwar trends focused on prewar ideas
- for example, abstract painting became popular
- also, the prewar focus on absurd and unconscious contents fit the horrible scenes of WWI
- german expressionism
- dadaism
- surrealism
- Functionalism in modern architecture
4
Q
german expressionism
A
- expressionism began prewar
- but! some german expressionist artists focused on the horrors of WWI that they experienced
- George Grosz and Otto Dix
5
Q
George Grosz
A
- german expressionist artist
- ther was “mass enthusiasm at the start” but “all that remained” “were disgust and horror”
6
Q
Otto Dix
A
- german expressionist
- served in the war and knew what the horrors were
- one piece of called: The War which showed the effects of the war
7
Q
Dadaism
A
- they wanted to “enshrine the purposelessness” of life
- they were rebels
- they created “anti-art”
8
Q
Surrealism
A
- they wanted to find a world beyond the sensible world in the unconscious through portrayal of fantasies, dreams, or nightmares
- they used the logic to portray the illogic
- portray strange objects that express the artist’s inner mind
- they were influenced by freud
- salvador dali
9
Q
Salvador dali
A
- surrealist
- he made the irrational tangible, forcing the viewer to question the rational
10
Q
Functionalism in modern architecture
A
- it was the belief that builds should be functional and fulfill the purpose for why they were made
- art and engineering were unified
- unnecessary ornamentation was stripped away
- it was based on the idea that art had a social function
- they used modern materials and support materials (glass, steel, ferroconcrete, cantilevers)
- walter gropius
11
Q
Walter Gropius
A
- german
- worked with Functionalism in modern architecture
- he wanted to blend arts and crafts
- he thought that an artist skills must combine with a technician’s skills to create forms
12
Q
New Music
A
- it started with igor stravinsky, but he wrote in an definite key
- but arnold schoenberg abandoned tonality and started ATONAL MUSIC
- he created 12-tone composition
13
Q
arnold schoenberg
A
- abandoned tonality and started ATONAL MUSIC
- he created 12-tone composition
14
Q
The Search for the Unconscious in Literature
A
- they used stream-of-consciousness which the writer presented an inner monologue of the innermost thoughts of each character
- expressed discontent and alienation from middle class conformity and materialism
- focuses on the complexity and irrationality of human mind
- employs the stream-of-consciousness technique to explore the human psyche
- james joyce
- virginia woolf
15
Q
James Joyce
A
book: Ulysses
- he wrote about one day in the life of ordinary people
16
Q
Virginia Woolf
A
- book: Mrs. Dalloway and Jacob’s room
- used monologue to reveal the character’s world of existence
- she believed that for an women she would need her income to free herself from the expected roles of women
17
Q
The Spread of Freud’s ideas
A
- people started to get concerned with the unconscious
- freud’s ideas in the 1920s were then accepted
- people then believed an uninhibited sex life was necessary for an healthy mental life
- however! people challenged his ideas (carl jung)
18
Q
Carl Jung
A
- he focused on the study of dreams
- he believed that the unconscious was an opening to deep spiritual needs and ever-greater vistas for humans
19
Q
The collective unconscious (carl jung)
A
- it was an storage place for all memories
- it had archetypes (mental forms that appear in dreams)
- these archetypes create myths, religion, philosophies
- these archetypes proved that the mind was only in part personal or individual because their origin was buried so far in the past that they seemed to have no human source
20
Q
The “heroic age of physics”
A
- it was started by ensinten and max planck
- ernest rutherford showed that the atom could be split (atomic bomb)
- after first, people believed that everything could be predicted if it was completely understood
- but! werner heisenberg challenged that (uncertainty principle)
21
Q
Werner heisenberg
A
- he posed the uncertainty principle
- uncertainty was the root of all physical laws
22
Q
Newtonian physics
A
- believed that unchanging natural laws governed the universe
- mechanistic view of nature supported and optimistic belief in progress
23
Q
Einstein
A
- challenged traditional conceptions of time, space, and motion
- E=mc squared means that mass and energy are interchangeable
- instead of living in an rational world with few uncertainties, humans lived in an new universe with few certainties.
- everything was relative or dependent on the observer’s frame of reference
24
Q
Freud
A
- undermined enlightenment’s belief that humans are fundamentally rational beings
- instead we are irrational beings
- there is an power of uncontrolled irrational and unconscious drives that explained the horrors of WWI
