7.5 Flashcards
1
Q
International Problems
A
- germany resented the treaty of versailles harsh terms
- USA rejected versailles treaty and followed policy of isolationism
- france was determine to enforce the versailles treaty and make germany pay for WWI
- communist russia remained outside the international system
2
Q
Old certainties
A
- belief in the power of reason to understand the universe and discover natural laws
- belief in progress and power of science and technology to improve living standards
- belief in liberty and power of individual rights to promote a just society
3
Q
The impact of WWI
A
- caused death and destruction
- overthrew the established monarchies and social orders in russia, germany, and austria-hungary
- led many people to question the optimistic belief in reason, progress, and individual rights
4
Q
Terrible uncertainties
A
- a widespread feeling of disillusionment, uncertainty, and anxiety
- new doubts about ability of individuals to control their lives
- an intellectual crisis that affected every field of thought
5
Q
The Impact of WWI (1919-1924)
A
- the suffering of WWI undermined the whole idea of progress
- immediate response: creation of memorials
- a lost generation of generation of war veterans were created
6
Q
Lost generation
A
- the war veterans became accustomed to violence
- war and violence became a way of life and social reality
- some war veterans became pacifists but for some, the war became a starting point for using violence
- for example restoring national interests that they felt were betrayed in peace treaties
7
Q
Failure of the League of Nations
A
- the l.o.n. tried to redraw boundaries and create new states (fulfilling nationalism)
- but some were still unhappy because
- they couldn’t maintain the peace
- since USA didn’t want to be part of european affairs, the league is weaker because of one less member
- only weapon was economic sanctions (LIMITED) (trade embargoes)
- league of powerless to stop armed conflict and punish
8
Q
League of Nations and France (1919-1924)
A
- USA didn’t agree with defense alliance, so france was alone
- originally france created and alliance with russia to scare germany with a two-front war
- but! with russia also powerful, france created alliances with poland and members of little entente, but they weren’t great military powers
- because france couldn’t get military support, they got security by enforcing the peace treaty on germany
- france demanded reparations and threatened to occupy thur valley (chief industrial mining center)
- germany agreed to pay, but then they couldn’t pay
- france then invaded the ruhr valley, but it wasn’t enough to offset the costs
- germany had the effect of printing more money and causing inflation
9
Q
The Hopeful years (1924-1929)
A
- france and britain had new governments, which led to them giving in to germany and reparations problems
- germany stopped passive resistance and seek out an new treaty
- the dawes plan then took place
- the treaty of locarno took place too
- also in RUSSIa, people realized the bolshevik regime could not be ousted so they created diplomatic relations with them (still keeping and eye on them though)
10
Q
Dawes Plan
A
- it reduced the reparations for germany
- it gave germany a loan
- this led to an area of european prosperity
- is to reestablish a sound german currency
- the infusion of american money gave life to german economy
11
Q
Treaty of Locarno
A
- it guaranteed germanys new western borders with france belgium
- it was supposed to bring peace
- germany entering the league of nations showed the spirit of conciliation shown at locarno
- also the agreement of the kellogg-briand showed that too
- it didn’t really do anything because germany couldn’t change their borders if they wanted to because they didn’t military power because they had to disarm themselves
12
Q
Kellogg-Briand
A
- it pledged to renounce war as an instrument of national policy
- it bolstered collective security and promoted a renewed spirit of optimisim
13
Q
Causes of the Great Depression
A
- the crash of the american stock market and downturn in domestic economies
- domestic economies ….
- prices were DECLINED because there was and overproduction because during the war they needed products and after they thought europe would need more stuff after their fields were gone
- european states imposed tariffs
- american stock markets …..
- many people lent loans to german banks and when the stocks went down, people withdrew their stocks, causing the banks in germany to weaken
14
Q
Great Depression
A
- industrialists were cutting back on production
- trade was slowing down (tariffs)
- many were unemployed
- one social Repercussions of the Great Depression was that women were able to attain jobs, while many were unemployed
- the government tried to handle deflatation by lowering wages, raising tariffs, which caused more problems /political repercussions
- political repercussions include: increased government activity in economy, popularity of marxist doctrine, and fascism
15
Q
fascism
A
- came out of the great depression
- and idea that an dictator can solve the economic crisis