7.1 Flashcards
1
Q
Bismarckian System
A
- 1st cause was a unified germany upset the balance of power in Vienna
- 2nd cause was fear of france wanting revenge over franco-prussian war so bismark created alliances with everyone to isolate france (prevent war)
- created with austria-hungary and russia
- failed because of russian and austrian rivalry in the balkans
2
Q
Three Emperor’s League
A
- Bismarck created an alliance with austria-hungary and russia
- failed because of russian and austrian rivalry in the balkans
3
Q
The Balkans: Austria-hungary, Russia, and Germany
A
- the ottoman government weakening because of balkans demand for independence
- BUT interference of european powers keep it together
- however! austria-hungary and russia had a rivalry
- later on the treaty of san stefano happens
- because russia got a lot of land from the treaty, the congress of berlin happens
- in the end, the treaty of san stefano was demolished, causing russia to be mad!
- this led to the creation of new alliances
4
Q
Treaty of San Stefano
A
- happening during balkan and ottoman empire crisis
- russia got a lot of land in the bulgarian state
- this caused congress of berlin to meet
5
Q
Congress of Berlin
A
- after treaty of san stefano, they assemble and demolish this treaty, causing russia to be mad!
- they also annexed bosnia-herzegovina to austria (important in 1908-1913)
- led by BISMARK!
6
Q
New alliances in Bismarckian system
A
- russians were mad at bismarck (congress of berlin) and no longer a part of three emperor’s league
- then triple alliance created
- also! reinsurance treaty created
- the purpose was to keep PEACE and status quo
7
Q
Triple alliance
A
- austria, italy, germany
- created after russia not a part of three emperor’s league
- purpose was to support existing political order and defend against france and other powers not in this alliance
8
Q
Reinsurance Treaty
A
- created after russia not a part of three emperor’s league
- still be friends with russia
- prevent russia from allying with france
9
Q
Leading to the Crisis in the Balkans 1908-1913
A
- emperor WILLIAM dropped reinsurance treaty (wanting to make germany stronger)
- this caused russia and france to ally
- then! britain joined in with russia and france
- now…. there was the triple entente and triple alliance against each other
- these two alliances were now fighting each other in the balkans
10
Q
Triple Entente
A
- russia, france, britain
- created after emperor william dropped reinsurance treaty
11
Q
Crisis in the Balkans 1908-1913: 1908
A
- austria annexed bosnia and herzegovina, lands that they got when the congress of berlin happened after treaty of san servando
- the serbs there got mad and russia backed them up
- austria was backed up by germany
- conflict occurred, but russia backed down
12
Q
Crisis in the Balkans 1908-1913: 1912
A
- the first and second balkan wars left serbia with a small part of land
- serbs were now even more mad
- also! serbia wanted albanian territory
- but! the london conference caused serbs to get even more mad at austrians (therefore russians were also mad)
13
Q
1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
A
- serbia fought in both to attain land
- however in the end, they got little land
14
Q
London Conference
A
- austria made albania independent
- this made serbs (therefore russians) mad
15
Q
Crisis in the Balkans 1908-1913 ALL TOGETHER
A
- tension was created between serbs/russia and austria/germany
- serbian pride is hurt
16
Q
Nationalism
A
- they thought nation-state lines would be peaceful,
- but with alliances created after Bismark system and imperialism and loose alliances it would lead to tension
- they learned that those who wanted peace, ended up losing, but those who wanted to fight won
- allies are important !
- the attitude of thinking one nation is the best brings the positive of war
- leaders also wanted war to achieve their goals
- germany wanted a german empire by getting parts of russia and belgium and france
- france = alsace lorraine
- a.h.= prevent serbia
- britian = preserve its world empire
- russia = maintain power status as being protector for serbs
17
Q
Internal Dissent
A
- not all ethnic groups achieved the goal of nationhood
- socialists movements were more powerful, had more strikes
- nations thought they were on the verge of revolution
- because they wanted to suppress this internal disorder, they may have gone war to do this
18
Q
Militarism
A
- large mass armies
- conscription
- russian army was largest, followed behind by french and germans
- armies were filled with peasants
- the leaders who could raise armies became inflexible in changing their plans
19
Q
Long-range causes of WWI
A
- nationalism
- internal dissent
- militarism
20
Q
Crisis in Balkans 1914
A
- serbs wanted to create large independent slavic state in balkans
- but! austria wanted to prevent that
- also russia and hungary wanted domination in these states
- now! there is tension between austria-hungary & russia (rivalry) and austria-hungary & serbia
21
Q
Assassination of Francis Ferdinand
A
- Austrian archduke francis ferdinand was assassinated by person who worked for organization that was dedicated to creation of pan-Slavic kingdom
- they saw the chance to attack serbia, although they didn’t have the proof
- austria then asked for germany’s help and they agreed with “blank check”
- austria then sent ultimatum (final threat) to serbia ONLY!
- serbia declined australis demands
- they then declared war on them and ONLY TO SERBIA!
22
Q
Declarations of War
A
- russia put in partial mobilization then full mobilization because they were embarrassed by bosnian crisis and wanted to support SERBIA
- but! the military leaders thought they were going to fight germany and austria, so they told the tsar that they need to fully mobilize
- so they fully mobilized
- germany responded by giving own ultimatum
- russians ignored so germans declared war on russia
- germany put in schlieffen plan
- germany declared war on france and issued ultimatum to belgium
- britain responds to ultimatum to belgium by declaring war on germany
23
Q
The Schlieffen Plan
A
- plan was to have a two front war with france and russia
- the plan was to make a rapid invasion of western france by way of NEUTRAL belgium
- it gambled that france could be knocked out of the war before russia had a chance to fully mobilize its forces
