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APE Unit 7 > 7.1 > Flashcards

7.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bismarckian System

A
  • 1st cause was a unified germany upset the balance of power in Vienna
  • 2nd cause was fear of france wanting revenge over franco-prussian war so bismark created alliances with everyone to isolate france (prevent war)
  • created with austria-hungary and russia
  • failed because of russian and austrian rivalry in the balkans
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2
Q

Three Emperor’s League

A
  • Bismarck created an alliance with austria-hungary and russia
  • failed because of russian and austrian rivalry in the balkans
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3
Q

The Balkans: Austria-hungary, Russia, and Germany

A
  • the ottoman government weakening because of balkans demand for independence
  • BUT interference of european powers keep it together
  • however! austria-hungary and russia had a rivalry
  • later on the treaty of san stefano happens
  • because russia got a lot of land from the treaty, the congress of berlin happens
  • in the end, the treaty of san stefano was demolished, causing russia to be mad!
  • this led to the creation of new alliances
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4
Q

Treaty of San Stefano

A
  • happening during balkan and ottoman empire crisis
  • russia got a lot of land in the bulgarian state
  • this caused congress of berlin to meet
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5
Q

Congress of Berlin

A
  • after treaty of san stefano, they assemble and demolish this treaty, causing russia to be mad!
  • they also annexed bosnia-herzegovina to austria (important in 1908-1913)
  • led by BISMARK!
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6
Q

New alliances in Bismarckian system

A
  • russians were mad at bismarck (congress of berlin) and no longer a part of three emperor’s league
  • then triple alliance created
  • also! reinsurance treaty created
  • the purpose was to keep PEACE and status quo
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7
Q

Triple alliance

A
  • austria, italy, germany
  • created after russia not a part of three emperor’s league
  • purpose was to support existing political order and defend against france and other powers not in this alliance
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8
Q

Reinsurance Treaty

A
  • created after russia not a part of three emperor’s league
  • still be friends with russia
  • prevent russia from allying with france
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9
Q

Leading to the Crisis in the Balkans 1908-1913

A
  • emperor WILLIAM dropped reinsurance treaty (wanting to make germany stronger)
  • this caused russia and france to ally
  • then! britain joined in with russia and france
  • now…. there was the triple entente and triple alliance against each other
  • these two alliances were now fighting each other in the balkans
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10
Q

Triple Entente

A
  • russia, france, britain

- created after emperor william dropped reinsurance treaty

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11
Q

Crisis in the Balkans 1908-1913: 1908

A
  • austria annexed bosnia and herzegovina, lands that they got when the congress of berlin happened after treaty of san servando
  • the serbs there got mad and russia backed them up
  • austria was backed up by germany
  • conflict occurred, but russia backed down
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12
Q

Crisis in the Balkans 1908-1913: 1912

A
  • the first and second balkan wars left serbia with a small part of land
  • serbs were now even more mad
  • also! serbia wanted albanian territory
  • but! the london conference caused serbs to get even more mad at austrians (therefore russians were also mad)
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13
Q

1st and 2nd Balkan Wars

A
  • serbia fought in both to attain land

- however in the end, they got little land

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14
Q

London Conference

A
  • austria made albania independent

- this made serbs (therefore russians) mad

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15
Q

Crisis in the Balkans 1908-1913 ALL TOGETHER

A
  • tension was created between serbs/russia and austria/germany
  • serbian pride is hurt
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16
Q

Nationalism

A
  • they thought nation-state lines would be peaceful,
  • but with alliances created after Bismark system and imperialism and loose alliances it would lead to tension
  • they learned that those who wanted peace, ended up losing, but those who wanted to fight won
  • allies are important !
  • the attitude of thinking one nation is the best brings the positive of war
  • leaders also wanted war to achieve their goals
  • germany wanted a german empire by getting parts of russia and belgium and france
  • france = alsace lorraine
  • a.h.= prevent serbia
  • britian = preserve its world empire
  • russia = maintain power status as being protector for serbs
17
Q

Internal Dissent

A
  • not all ethnic groups achieved the goal of nationhood
  • socialists movements were more powerful, had more strikes
  • nations thought they were on the verge of revolution
  • because they wanted to suppress this internal disorder, they may have gone war to do this
18
Q

Militarism

A
  • large mass armies
  • conscription
  • russian army was largest, followed behind by french and germans
  • armies were filled with peasants
  • the leaders who could raise armies became inflexible in changing their plans
19
Q

Long-range causes of WWI

A
  • nationalism
  • internal dissent
  • militarism
20
Q

Crisis in Balkans 1914

A
  • serbs wanted to create large independent slavic state in balkans
  • but! austria wanted to prevent that
  • also russia and hungary wanted domination in these states
  • now! there is tension between austria-hungary & russia (rivalry) and austria-hungary & serbia
21
Q

Assassination of Francis Ferdinand

A
  • Austrian archduke francis ferdinand was assassinated by person who worked for organization that was dedicated to creation of pan-Slavic kingdom
  • they saw the chance to attack serbia, although they didn’t have the proof
  • austria then asked for germany’s help and they agreed with “blank check”
  • austria then sent ultimatum (final threat) to serbia ONLY!
  • serbia declined australis demands
  • they then declared war on them and ONLY TO SERBIA!
22
Q

Declarations of War

A
  • russia put in partial mobilization then full mobilization because they were embarrassed by bosnian crisis and wanted to support SERBIA
  • but! the military leaders thought they were going to fight germany and austria, so they told the tsar that they need to fully mobilize
  • so they fully mobilized
  • germany responded by giving own ultimatum
  • russians ignored so germans declared war on russia
  • germany put in schlieffen plan
  • germany declared war on france and issued ultimatum to belgium
  • britain responds to ultimatum to belgium by declaring war on germany
23
Q

The Schlieffen Plan

A
  • plan was to have a two front war with france and russia
  • the plan was to make a rapid invasion of western france by way of NEUTRAL belgium
  • it gambled that france could be knocked out of the war before russia had a chance to fully mobilize its forces

APE Unit 7 (6 decks)

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