7.3 Flashcards
1
Q
Leading up to the Russian Revolution
A
- after revolution of 1905, nicholas relied on army and bureaucracy
- During WWI, nicholas took personal charge of the army and they suffered a lot of losses
- in 1914, people’s patriotic enthusiasm went away. there was no constitutional monarchy, peasants and workers were upset.
- rasputin started to control the government
- middle, class, aristocrats, peasants, soldiers and workers were getting mad and annoyed
2
Q
Rasputin
A
- leading up to russian revolution
- a peasant who Nicholas’s wife thought was a holy man
- he started to control the government
3
Q
March Revolution
A
- March of 1917
- bread rationing was introduced
- many factory worker WOMEN were standing in line for bread in Petrograd
- women there started to strike and others joined her
- nicholas ordered soldiers to disperse the crowd, but the soldiers just joined
- now the situation was out of the tsar’s control
4
Q
The fall of the tsarist regime
A
- during the march revolution nicholas ordered soldiers to disperse the crowd, but the soldiers just joined
- now the situation was out of the tsar’s control
- then the duma met and created a provisional government
- nicholas abdicated
5
Q
Provisional Government created after the fall of the tsarist regime
A
- constitutional democrats created this government
- they had LIBERAL agenda
- they wanted a parliamentary democracy
- they also passed reforms that provided universal suffrage, civil equality, 8 hour workday
6
Q
Soviets
A
- councils of workers and soldiers deputies
- it represented radical interest of lower class
- had socialists
- one was a marxist SDP that split into mensheviks and bolsheviks
7
Q
Mensheviks
A
- they wanted a mass electoral socialist party
- socialist party of the soviets
- they were willing to cooperate temporarily in a parliamentary democracy while working towards a socialist state
8
Q
Bolsheviks
A
- under the leadership of V.I. Lenin
- they believed a “vanguard” of activist must form a party of well disciplined professional revolutionaries
- they wanted to create a violent revolution that would destroy the capitalist system
- after a provisional government was created, lenin and his followers went to russia
9
Q
V.I. Lenin
A
- he led the bolsheviks
- april theses
- didn’t like gradual reform, saying capitalism could only be destroyed by class conflict
- a communist revolution was possible in a non industrialized country as russia
- instead of the small working class leadership, it should come from professional revolutionaries
10
Q
Leading up to the Bolshevik Revolution
A
- when lenin arrived in russia, he presented his april theses
- the april theses led to bolsheviks gaining a majority of soviets
- then the provisional government was trying to gain control
- but! peasants were just seizing land
- also! the army order No. 1 just created more chaos
- also the provisional government continued to be in WWI which was unpopular
11
Q
April Theses
A
- lenin said it was not necessary for a bourgeois revolution, but we can just go straight into socialism
- the soviets of soldiers could do this
- the bolsheviks should gain control of the soviets and use them to overthrow the provisional government
- also bolsheviks stressed the discontent and aspirations of people (redistribution of land to peasants, committees of workers instead of capitalists, provisional government to soviet power)
12
Q
Army Order No. 1
A
- ordered russian forces to replace officers with elected representative of lower ranks
- peasant soldiers just went home
- the army was now chaos
13
Q
The Bolshevik Revolution
A
- Kerensky
- because of kerensky, the soviets were strengthened and lenin knew how the provisional government was really weak
- pro-soviet and pro-Bolshevik forces took over
- Leon Trotsky
- the provisional government collapsed
- lenin created Council of People’s Commissars with him as the head
- one problem was that the constituent assembly caused the bolsheviks to be defeated, but lenin just destroyed the assembly
- lenin then started to put in a bunch of reforms
14
Q
Kerensky and the Bolshevik Revolution
A
- a general was coming to try to seize power
- kerensky then released bolsheviks from prison and asked for their help
- his actions showed how the provisional government was really weak
15
Q
Lenin’s Reforms after the Bolshevik Revolution
A
- he realized he needed to fulfill bolsheviks promises
- to make the peasants happy, he turned the land to local rural land committees
- to make urban workers happy, he turned the control of factories to committees of workersf
- he promised because but because of the treaty of brest-litovsk and civil war it was difficult because he had to lose land